Gino Moliterno. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture
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Celati, Gianni 102
Celentano, Adriano 15, 102–3, 454
CENSIS (Centre for the Study of Social Investments) 103
censorship 103–5
by Fascist regime 121, 166, 172, 632
by the RAI 90, 262
of cinema 20, 104
of radio 492
and sexual mores 210, 544–5
of theatre 56, 104, 236, 582
and the Vatican 210
Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia 20, 22, 55, 93, 105, 108, 136, 160, 163, 232, 255, 338, 341,
372, 562, 627, 637, 644
Ceronetti, Guido 105–6
Cervi, Gino 586
Ceserani, Remo 106, 143, 354
Chabod, Federico 269
charities see POA
cheese 106–7, 502
Chia, Sandro 35, 107, 254, 537, 599, 600
Chiara, Piero 107
Chiarini, Luigi 105, 108, 232
Chohra, Nassera 108, 276
Christianity
and literature 395, 547
Pasolini’s films 421
church, state and society 108–11, 458
Lateran Pacts of the constitution 129, 158, 175
under the Craxi government 137
see also Catholic Church;
minority religions;
Vatican
churches
architecture 40, 228–9, 366
art and heritage 32
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) links with intelligence services 291
terrorism 15
Ciampi, Carlo Azeglio 47, 71, 111, 188, 279, 429, 530, 606
Cicciolina 111, 463
Cima, Annalisa 112, 445
Cimino, Michael 307, 308
Cinecittà 5, 112, 218, 230, 554, 631
cinematographers 113, 164, 167–8, 520, 562
Citati, Pietro 113–14
citizenship 114–15, 117
and the constitution 129
and immigramts 279
civil rights
extension by Constitutional Court 130
see also citizenship;
Codice Rocco
Civiltà delle macchine 24, 115, 547
Index 921
Clemente, Francesco 35, 115–16, 408, 465, 599, 600
Clementi, Aldo 116, 435
clientelism 76, 117, 193, 508, 548
DC 152, 178, 189, 203
FFSS 495
and friendship 245
and the IRI 80
and neo-fascism 213
PSI 203, 479
in the South 553
using health service resources 268
Cobelli, Giancarlo 587
Codice Rocco 117–18, 325
coffee 118–19
Cohen, Leonard, influence 90
Cold War 14, 18, 19, 98, 152, 240
development of intelligence services 290
effect on creation of Republic 508
effect on police system 446
effect on political parties 420
government use of radio 490
portrayed in literature 264
and trade unions 598
Trieste 601
Colla, Ettore 34, 36, 119, 536
Colletti, Lucio 119, 163
Colli, Giorgio 4, 119–20
Colombo, Joe 120, 293
comedians 58–9, 262
Comencini, Cristina 93, 101, 120–1, 217, 223
Comencini, Luigi 120, 121, 124, 167, 323, 372, 378, 551, 591
films 162, 262, 379, 512
comics 28, 121–3, 168, 180–1, 212, 331, 528, 581, 592
adult material 462, 545
writers 439
commedia all’Italiana 7, 121, 123–4, 231, 323, 351, 374, 512, 525, 535, 551, 591, 632
communism 205–6, 590
and art 498, 499
fear of 152, 613
intellectuals 14, 289, 290, 547, 590
newspapers and journals 353–4, 511
recreational associations and theatre 583–4
workers’ clubs 124, 236
youth section (FGCI) 149
see also anti-communism;
PCI;
Rifondazione Comunista
community, Italian idea of 196–7, 210–11
La Comune 124, 235–6
Comunione e Liberazione 98, 100, 110, 124–5
conceptual art 35, 52, 70, 115, 125–6, 145, 235, 340, 354–5, 417, 440, 600
Confindustria 8, 93, 126–7, 152, 284, 286, 441
Index 922
Consagra, Pietro 35, 36, 127, 132, 241, 242
Consiglio Nazionale di Ricerca (National Research Council) 127
Console, Vincenzo 127–8, 369
Constituent Assembly 14, 108, 128, 128, 158, 211, 312, 373, 418, 420, 479, 500, 504, 507, 530,
553, 613, 644
constitution 28, 103, 128, 128–9, 129, 137, 149, 189, 235, 312, 472, 507
and the Church 108–9
confirmation of Lateran Pacts 129, 158, 175
and higher education 610
initiation of referenda 500
and language policy 321
and the legal system 325
and local autonomy 338
and Parliament 419
and the PCI 427
proposals for reform of 190
and regional government 504, 506
and tax policy 575
Constitutional Court 76, 118, 129, 129–30, 325, 447, 472, 474, 491, 493, 500, 545, 576
consumerism 130–1, 184–5, 386
Conte, Paolo 90
Contini, Gianfranco 131–2, 142, 249, 547, 645
Continuità (Continuity) 3, 31, 32, 34, 36, 127, 132, 242
Controspazio 24, 132–3, 464, 588, 615
Convegno per un Nuovo Teatro (Convention for a New Theatre) 133
co-operatives 133–4, 427
Coppi, Fausto 51, 134, 147
Coppola, Francis Ford 307, 307–8, 520
Il Corriere della sera 121, 134–5, 254, 350, 375, 380, 401, 413, 482, 507, 514
contributors 51, 87, 91, 100, 114, 226, 242, 351, 411, 543, 546
journalists 67, 82, 85, 377, 439, 489
corruption
accusations against Pasolini 420
judicial fight against 167
politics 137, 138, 152–3, 193, 213, 241, 324, 326
press investigations 417
see also Mani pulite;
Tangentopoli
Corti, Maria 12, 135, 142, 541
Corto Maltese 122, 123, 135, 401, 470
Cossiga, Francesco 60, 135–6, 147, 233, 259, 291, 397, 472, 472–3, 530, 605
Costanzo, Maurizio 136, 439, 463, 577, 630
Cottafavi, Vittorio 136
Council of Ministers 61, 137, 160, 398
Cova, Alberto 39
Craxi, Bettino 13, 16, 19, 129, 137–8, 154, 241, 472
and Berlusconi’s TV channels 77, 475
bribery and corruption scandal 167, 352, 434
fall of 257
and post-fascism 213
as PSI leader 152, 160, 428, 478, 479
supporters 46, 119
Index 923
crime 138–40, 380
comics 122–3, 212
and pentiti 433–4
Rocco code 117–18
role of police and intelligence services in fighting 292
social and economic costs 188
see also mafia
critical currents 140–4
see also art criticism;
literary criticism
Croce, Benedetto 1, 4, 104, 144–5, 240, 260, 268–9, 288, 331, 374, 417
compared with Gramsci 288–9
influence 69, 140–1, 159, 162, 517, 528, 541
Cucchi, Enzo 35, 145, 537, 599, 600
Cucchi, Maurizio 145, 445
Cuccia, Enrico 146, 154, 227, 254, 361
cultural journals 12, 331–2, 361–2, 389, 448, 511, 627
cultural studies 185
Cuore 146, 609
Curcio, Renato 146–7, 499
Cusani, Sergio 167, 241
cycling 51, 134, 147–8, 559, 560, 577
writers 75
D’Alema, Massimo 129, 149, 405, 429, 472, 606, 624
governments 13, 30, 605
Dalla, Lucio 149–50, 230, 378
Dalla Chiesa, Carlo Alberto 150, 579
Dallapiccola, Luigi 59, 81, 150, 392
Damiani, Damiano 150–1, 344, 555
dance 245, 363
D’Annunzio, Gabriele 4, 486, 509
film adaptations 631
opponents 144, 334
Dante Alighieri
editions and studies 131, 342, 526, 528
Florentine language 172
influence 486
Dante Alighieri Society 151, 196, 320
Daopoulo, Rony 222
D’Arrigo, Stefano 151, 334, 395
DC (Christian Democrat party) 69, 151–3, 373, 377, 388, 439, 449, 613
allegations of mafia links 16, 152, 345–6, 434
attitude towards emigration 195
attitude towards foreign policy 240
and broadcasting 76, 490, 493
and the CCD 99–100
celebrities associated with 54, 136
and censorship 104
and the Church 97, 98, 109, 110, 125, 442, 446, 458, 459, 522, 538, 544, 623
clientelism 117, 152, 178, 189, 203
Index 924
collapse as consensus party 233, 353, 450, 505
and Confindustria 126
Constituent Assembly 128
control of legal system 325
corruption scandals 153, 613–14
criticism and opposition 367, 644
and divorce reform 175, 176, 220, 381–2
effect of Tangentopoli 396–7
and ENI 102, 198
and historic compromise 160, 350, 504
links with neo-fascism 438
and opening to the Left 178, 409
and P2 413
and the PCI 160, 268, 354, 427
and the PLI 441, 469
and the police 446
politicians 8, 16, 62, 93, 135–6, 158–9, 160, 179, 211–12, 286, 358, 360, 381–2, 474, 500, 518,
530, 540, 572, 605, 619, 644
and the PPI 151–2, 153, 158, 160, 468, 605
and the press 203, 257
and the PRI 473
and the PSDI 478
and the PSI 137, 160, 398, 409, 427, 478, 480
and the Southern Question 554
see also Dorotei
De Andrè, Fabrizio 89, 91, 153–4
De Angelis, Augusto 165–6
De Benedetti, Carlo 154, 406, 475
De Berardinis, Leo 154–5
De Bosio, Gianfranco 587
De Carlo, Andrea 155
De Carlo, Giancarlo 25, 94, 155, 557, 615
De Céspedes, Alba Carla Laurita 155–6, 643
de Chirico, Giorgio 33, 35, 156, 453, 519, 532, 535, 537
influence 89, 107, 116, 379
De Felice, Renzo 157, 270–1
De Filippo, Eduardo 5, 100, 157–8, 334, 372, 418, 582–3, 587, 594, 636
De Gasperi, Alcide 14, 16, 151–2, 158, 179, 518, 590
government and policies 126, 204, 240, 338, 467–8, 472
and Pope Pius XII 109, 459, 623
De Gregori, Francesco 149
De Lullo, Giorgio 587
De Maria, Nicola 159, 599, 600
De Martino, Ernesto 159
De Martino, Francesco 160
De Mita, Ciriaco 154, 160, 241, 358
De Palma, Brian 307, 308
De Santis, Giuseppe 95, 113, 160–1, 161, 334, 338, 398, 435, 646
films 20, 231, 351, 399
De Santis, Pasqualino 113, 161
De Seta, Vittorio 13, 161
De Sica, Vittorio 52, 87, 101, 136, 161–2, 289, 323, 334, 340, 372, 398, 436, 594, 619
Index 925
films 95, 185, 229, 231, 348, 380, 399, 518, 550, 646
Debenedetti, Giacomo 142, 162
Del Giudice, Daniele 162–3
Del Monte, Peter 163
Deledda, Grazia 642
Della Volpe, Galvano 119, 163
Delli Colli, Tonino 113, 164
Democrazia Proletaria 164, 207, 256, 567, 626
D’Eramo, Luce 164
design see anti-design;
architectural and design magazines;
fashion;
furniture design;
industial design;
interior design;
Milan Trienniale
design education 165
detective fiction 165–6, 244, 246, 373, 534, 571
Di Centa, Manuela 641–2
Di Pietro, Antonio 166–7, 241, 352, 417, 478
Di Venanzo, Gianni 113, 161, 167–8
Diabolik 122, 168, 212, 528
dialect usage 168–72, 172, 298
dialects 172–4, 197, 299, 304, 318–19, 321, 368, 506, 583, 631
see also Italian lexicon;
literature in dialect;
varieties of Italian
Dini, Lamberto 8, 48, 174–5, 188, 279, 472, 530, 605
Dionisotti, Carlo 175
divorce 18, 104, 175–6, 544
campaign for reform 203, 207, 209–10, 219, 416, 417, 469
and the constitution 128, 130
laws and reforms 109, 128, 175–6, 220, 326, 354, 479, 622
referendum (1974) 97, 129, 176, 209–10, 212, 381–2, 501, 537, 644
Dolce and Gabbana 176, 214, 216
Dolci, Danilo 104, 177
Domus 23, 24, 54, 115, 132, 177, 362, 435, 453, 645, 562.615
Donatoni, Franco 177, 529, 549
Dorazio, Piero 34, 132, 241
Dordi, Loredana 222
Dorfles, Gillo 32, 34, 36, 178, 541
Dorotei 178, 381
Dossetti, Giuseppe 152, 158, 179, 381
Dostoievsky, Fyodor, film adaptations 64, 136
drama
education 585
playwrights 51, 66, 73, 87–8, 154–5, 157–8, 235–7, 387, 424, 473, 496, 560–1, 581
radio 490
religious 208
see also performance;
theatre
drug culture 179–80, 483
Index 926
and work of the Church 110
Duchamp, Marcel, influence 96, 125
Duranti, Francesca 180, 643
Dylan, Bob, influence 90
Dylan Dog 122, 180–1
earthquakes 29, 182–3, 557, 595
Eco, Umberto 1, 5, 60, 183–4, 262–3, 288, 417
and cultural journals 12, 331, 332, 350, 541
cultural and philosophical debate 185, 289–90, 300, 432
notion of the open work 34, 36, 43, 263–4
novels 166, 395, 466, 572
and popular comics 135, 181, 331, 350
semiotics 142, 541, 541–2
economic miracle 93, 184–6, 186–7, 205, 227, 360, 468
architecture and design 17, 615
and cinema 123, 185
and clientelism 117
consumerism 130, 131, 184–5, 386
culture and the arts 263, 355, 436, 583
and education 189, 300–1, 610
effect on Church 109
effect on co-operatives 133
effect on family structures 211, 545
effect on peasantry 430
films 374, 375, 512, 516
and housing policy 273
and industry 215, 282, 386, 476
and labour market 598
and linguistic developments 321
lotteries and gambling 340–1
migration and emigration 278, 460
and opening to the Left 409
and poverty 566
and secularization 152
telecommunications 561
and writing 394, 418
economy 111, 186–9
and banking 47–8
and the co-operative movement 133–4
effect of growth on emigration 195
and industrial policy 284, 294
pre-1945 114
scandals 176
theorists 371
and tourism 595–6, 597
and unemployment 606
see also postwar reconstruction;
Southern Question;
Third Italy
education 189–92
Index 927
activists 367
and feminism 219
and language 300–1, 319
music institutions 391–2
reforms 610–11
and sexual mores 545
and the unemployed 607
see also design education;
language education;
universities
Einaudi 30, 39, 85, 141, 192–3, 224, 289, 361, 369, 425, 432, 482, 532, 551, 633
Einaudi, Luigi 47, 158, 467, 619
electoral systems 193–4, 324, 449–50, 626
and alliances 605
campaign to abolish PR 152
constitutional reform 129
referendum on 508
see also referenda
electronics, companies 405–7
Elkann, Alain 312
emigration 194–7, 240, 277, 277–8
and citizens’ rights 114
and education abroad 300
effect on agriculture 9
effect on family structures 211
films 13
and housing problems 206
Italian as language of 304
Italians retaining neo-fascist sympathies 213
and language policy 321–2
and mafia relations 345
of peasants 430
and population 460
see also Italian and emigration;
literature of emigration;
migration
employment
and the economy 187
and postwar reconstruction 467
women 176
ENEL (National Electrical Energy Agency) 187, 197–8, 361, 476, 477, 479
energy see ENEL;
ENI;
nuclear energy programme
engineering 249, 250, 256, 400, 437–8, 547, 617
ENI (Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi) 102, 111, 198, 227, 254, 257, 282, 286, 294, 352, 360, 377, 449,
476, 495
environmental movement 198–201, 567
activists 71, 95
anti-nuclear groups 95, 197, 199, 604
artistic projects 127
opposition to highways development 42
Index 928
see also Verdi
environmental policy 139, 201–2
lack of green areas 614
Epoca 81, 202, 205, 436
Epremian, Pia 222
Erba, Luciano 202
L’Espresso 154, 185, 203, 374, 380, 417, 482, 530, 614
contributors 51, 101, 546, 571
journalists 56, 69, 85, 88, 541, 592
ethnology 159
European Union 186, 203–4, 240, 283
Common Agricultural Policy 9, 10, 204
and environmental issues 201–2
European Monetary System 47–8, 80, 111, 187, 188, 204
immigrants from 277
and industry 275
influence on higher education reforms 612
and liberalization of markets 477, 561
and the regions 505
and taxation 575
visitors to Italy 597
L’Europeo 56, 87, 88, 101, 204–5, 411, 436, 530
Evola, Giulio Cesare Andrea Julius) 205
extraparliamentary Left 41, 164, 205–7, 447, 480, 485, 580
censorship of 105
and environmental issues 199
opposition of Red Brigades 500
and the PCI 60, 428
and the press 561
and radio 490
and the student movement 565
Fabbri, Diego 208, 582
Fabro, Luciano 35, 36, 125, 208
Falcone, Giovanni 139, 209, 346, 383, 433, 580
Fallaci, Oriana 205, 209–10
Falso Movimento 43, 210, 315, 358
Famiglia Cristiana 98, 210
family 196–7, 210–11, 245, 544, 607
and attitudes towards divorce 176
as basis of mafia 245, 346
and clientelism 117
feminist debate 222
Jewish writing 311
Fanfani, Amintore 62, 152, 176, 178, 211–12, 272, 354, 381, 409, 472, 644
Fantomas 168, 212
farming see agriculture
fascism and neo-fascism 212–14, 403, 410, 478, 563, 566
and the armed forces 28
artists, writers and intellectuals 73, 205, 349, 439, 632
attitudes towards Italian language 301
Index 929
and conformity 178
and the DC 438
film-makers 68
films exploring 64, 644
and historiography 268
in the intelligence services 291
and the National Alliance 397
and peasant culture 260
politicians 233
and Resistance opposition 448
terrorism 213, 579
see also anti-fascism;
Fascist regime;
MSI;
strategia delta tensione
Fascist regime 18
broadcasting 489, 490
censorship 121, 166, 172, 192, 632
and the Church 65, 96, 97, 152, 158
criticism and persecution of writers 313, 380, 547
culture and the arts 31, 32, 33, 151, 436, 498
education system 189
effect on co-operative movement 133
and exile 336, 569
film culture and industry 105, 112, 295, 399
foreign policy 240
imposition of autarchy 130
imprisonment and murder of opponents 257, 434
intelligence services 290–1
and loss of empire 239
in narrative 53, 534
opposition and resistance to 398, 420
and the peasantry 430
and political parties 152, 427
publishing 373
repression of dialects 172, 301, 321, 333–4
restriction of emigration 194
and the Rocco code 118
sporting activities 557–8
squadrismo terrorism 349, 579
studies 271
writers supporting 349
fashion 214–17
design houses 75, 176, 237, 265, 360–1, 370–1, 383–4, 470, 628–9
designers 28, 67, 92, 224, 234, 256, 314, 483, 602–3, 617–18
photography 437, 593
Fellini, Federico 5, 93, 101, 112, 113, 164, 167, 217–18, 229, 235, 255, 359, 412, 438, 512, 520,
535, 636
films 6, 20, 67, 101, 103, 113, 155, 185, 230, 231, 232, 323, 420, 426, 520, 551, 630, 646
Feltrinelli 46, 53, 58, 121, 185, 218–19, 256, 263, 483, 532, 540, 633
feminism 219–22, 222, 245, 290, 322
abortion campaign 2, 71, 355
Index 930