Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)

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554 document 7 (22 december 1506–7 january 1507)

Translation:

I, Tevkel Ulan,

swear with the soul of my lord, Mengli Giray Khan, by the

highest God and by this holy Koran, that from now on our lord, Mengli Giray

Khan, along with all the sultans [i.e., princes], his brothers and sons, with all

the ulans and beys [Ruth. knjazi], with all the mirzas, and with all the people

of the two hordes: the Trans-Volgine [i.e., the Great Horde] and of Perekop

[i.e., the Crimean Horde] that are subject to him, commits [himself ] to sincere

friendship, loyal and undeceitful brotherhood, and honest [common] life with

his brother, the king and grand duke Sigismund. Our lord, Mengli Giray Khan,

should be a friend to any friend of the king and grand duke Sigismund, and an

enemy to [his] enemy, and he should mount a horse—either personally along

with His Majesty [i.e., the king], or [by sending] his people and children along

with the people of His Majesty—in all directions, against any enemy of His

Majesty, and he should assist [His Majesty] with all [his] power, and especially

this year, against the Muscovian [ruler]. Also our lord, Mengli Giray Khan,

should not cause any harm to the lands, domains, and people of the king and

grand duke Sigismund, either of [i.e., belonging to] the Polish Crown, or of the

Grand Duchy of Lithuania; he should not let his troops [raid them], nor should

he, his children, or his people ruin the border castles, towns, and villages; on the

contrary, he should by all means guard and patrol them, and defend them from

his own children and people, and from all enemies. And by all means he should

keep the eternal peace and the loyal brotherhood with the king and grand duke

Sigismund, in the same manner as [it used to be between] their fathers: Hadji

Giray Khan and King Casimir.

And I, Tevkel Ulan, swear by all this [i.e., God and Koran] that my lord,

Mengli Giray Khan, should keep my present oath in regard to his brother, the

king and grand duke Sigismund, until [his] death, and that he will conrm this

oath himself with his soul before the envoys of His Majesty; and he should ful-

ll [the provisions of this oath] in regard to His Majesty and his domains: the

Crown and the Grand Duchy, without any deceit or fraud. If I swear sincerely,

God help me!, but if not sincerely, oh the Highest God!, kill my body and soul!

Tevkel Ulan (in Ruthenian and Russian sources referred to as Tjuvikel or Tevekel;

on the various forms of this name see Jankowski, Historical-Etymological Dictionary,

pp. 1045–1046), a noble in the inner (i.e., court) service of the khan; in 1487 he was

sent in embassy to Moscow; in 1493–1494 he participated in raids against Lithuania;

his brothers, Ahmed Ulan and Nurum Ulan, lived in Lithuania; in 1509, aer his death,

Mengli Giray asked King Sigismund to send Nurum to the Crimea as Tevkel le his

servants and people without an heir; see Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix snošenij, vol. 1,

pp. 58, 62, 65, 209, 267 and Syroečkovskij, “Muxammed-Geraj i ego vassaly,” p. 45.

Syroečkovskij and Xoroškevič confused Tevkel Ulan with the powerful Manghıt (i.e.,

Nogay) prince Tevkel, the brother of Mengli Giray’s wife Nur Sultan, who entered the

Crimean service in 1503 after the fall of the Great Horde; both Russian authors erro-

neously assumed that it was the latter who had sworn the oath in 1506 (Syroečkovskij,

“Muxammed-Geraj i ego vassaly,” p. 33; Xoroškevič, Rus’ i Krym, p. 93). In fact, in a

letter from the Muscovian grand prince to Mengli Giray, dated 1509 but referring to

the events from the year 1492, both Tevkels are mentioned (Tevekel knjaz’ and Tevekel

ulan). On the Manghıt prince Tevkel, see Document 9, n. 14.

DOCUMENT 8 (2 JULY 1507)

e donation yarlıq sent by Khan Mengli Giray to King Sigismund

e original document is missing.

Ruthenian copies:

A. RGADA, fond 389 = Litovskaja metrika, no. 7, pp. 72–75 [old foliation:

38b–40a].

Published in Akty otnosjaščiesja k istorii Zapadnoj Rossii,

vol. 2, pp. 4–5.

A.* 18th-century Latin script transcription: AGAD, Metryka Litewska,

no. 193, pp. 48–50.

Published in Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z Tatarszczyzną, pp. 313–315.

B. RGADA, fond 389 = Litovskaja metrika, no. 8, fol. 55a–56a [old folia-

tion: 38a–39a].

Published in Lietuvos Metrika. Knyga Nr. 8 (1499–1514). Užrašymų

knyga 8, pp. 83–84.

B.* 18th-century Latin transcription: AGAD, Metryka Litewska, no. 194,

pp. 69–71.

RGADA, fond 389 = Litovskaja metrika, no. 595, fol. 37a–38a.

Published in Sbornik knjazja Obolenskago, pp. 87–89.

Polish 16th-century translation: Bibl. Kórn., ms. 222, pp. 104–105.

Published in Acta Tomiciana, vol. 1, Appendix, pp. 23–24.

Лист ѡт цара татарского Менъдликгирея до Панов Рад и всихъ

рꙋских людеи ѡ Киевъ и инъшые замъки:

Починаю, Господи, в

Твое имꙗ!

Великое Ѡрды великого царꙗ Менъдликгиреево

слово:

Правое рꙋки и левое великого влоса

темникомъ,

и тысꙗчъником, и

сотником, и десꙗтником, вланом, кнꙗзем, и всимъ рꙋским людемъ,

e beginning of the document is missing.

In A. only.

B. ꙋ.

B. Мендликгиреево.

B. влꙋса.

In B. written erroneously: тесичикомъ.

556 document 8 (2 july 1507)

кнꙗзем, боꙗром, митрополитом и попом, черньцом, и всим чорнымъ

людем

и всемꙋ посполствꙋ:

Даем вам ведати, штожъ великии цар,

дꙗдꙗ нашъ, и великии цар

Ачъжикгиреи, ѡтец нашъ,

коли ихъ

потные кони были, до великого

кнꙗзꙗ Витовъта

до литовъское земли в гостиное поехали, и за то

пожаловали Киевом в головахъ

многие места дали. Ино по томꙋ жъ

литовъское земли великии кнꙗз

Казимир, братъ нашъ, з

литовъс-

кими кнꙗзи и паны просили насъ,

и мы ихъ прозбꙋ

ꙋхваливъ.

Ино Вог

на ѡтца нашого столцы посадил; ино што великии

цар, дꙗдꙗ нашъ, и великии цар, ѡтец нашъ,

дали, по томꙋ жъ:

киевъскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими

входы

и данми, и зъ земълꙗми,

и з

водами; володимеръскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими

входы и данми,

и з

землꙗми,

и з водами; Великого Лꙋцъка

тмꙋ со въсими въходы и зъ даньми, и

з земълꙗми, и з водами;

смоленъскꙋю

тмꙋ со въсими входы и зъ

данми, и з землꙗми, и з водами;

подолскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими входы и з

даньми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

каменецкꙋю тмꙋ со въсими входы и

з данми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

браславъскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими входы

B. тисꙗчникомъ, и сотникомъ, и десꙗтникомъ, вланомъ, кнꙗземъ и

всимъ рꙋскимъ людемъ, кнꙗземъ, и боꙗромъ, митрополитом и попомъ, чер-

ньцомъ и всимъ чорнымъ людемъ.

B. Даемъ вамъ ведати, штож великии царь.

B. царь Ачжикгиреи, ѡтець нашъ.

B. их.

B. Витовта.

B. головах.

In A. only.

B. по томꙋ ж.

B. кнꙗзь.

B. с.

B. нас.

B. их прозъбꙋ.

B. Вогъ.

B. великии цари, дꙗди наши, и великии царь, ѡтець нашъ.

B. по томꙋ ж.

B. киевъскую тму со всими.

C. begins here.

B. and C. землꙗми.

B. and C. володимирскую тму со всими.

C. даньми.

B. and C. зъ.

C. Лꙋцка.

B. всими входы и данми, и зъ землꙗми, и з водами; C. въсими входы и зъ

даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и зъ водами.

B. смоленскую.

B. and C. всими входы и з даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и зъ водами.

B. подолскую тму со всими входы и зъ данми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами;

C. подолскꙋю тьмꙋ со всими входы и зъ землꙗми и зъ данми и водами.

B. каменицъкꙋю тму со всими выходы и з данми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

C. каменицкꙋю тму со всими входы и з даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами.

document 8 (2 july 1507) 557

и з данми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

сокалскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими входы

и данми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

Звинигородъ з выходы и з данми,

и з землꙗми, и водами;

Черкасы з выходы и данми, и з землꙗми, и

водами;

Хачибиев и Маꙗкъ з водами и з землꙗми;

ино почонши ѡтъ

Киева, и Днепром и до ꙋстьꙗ;

и Снепород и Глинескъ со въсими

ихъ людьми;

Жолважъ, Пꙋтивлъ зъ землꙗми и з водами;

Бирин,

Синꙗчъ, Хотел, Лосичи, Хотмышль, Ницꙗны со въсими ихъ землꙗми

и водами, и данми, и выходы;

черниговъскꙋю тмꙋ со въсими выходы

и данми, и землꙗми, и водами;

Рылескъ з выходы и данми, и з

землꙗми,

и водами; кꙋрскꙋю тмꙋ з выходы и данми, и з землꙗми, и

водами;

Сараева сына Егалтаевꙋ тмꙋ:

Милолюбъ з выходы и данми,

и з земълꙗми,

и водами, Мꙋжечъ, Ѡскол; и Старадꙋбъ, Брꙗнескъ,

со въсими ихъ выходы и данми, и з землꙗми,

и водами; Мченескъ

Люботескъ, Тꙋла-город, со въсими ихъ выходы и данми, и з землꙗми,

и з водами;

Берестеи и Ратꙋнъ, и Козелескъ, Пронско, Ѡлконъско,

B. браславъскую тму со всими выходы и з данми, и з землꙗми, и водами;

C. браславскꙋю тму со всими входы и з даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами.

B. сокалскую тму со всими выходы и данми, и зъ землꙗми, и з водами;

C. сокалскꙋю тьмꙋ со всими входы и зъ даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами.

B. Зъвинигород з выходы и данми, и зъ землꙗми, и з водами; C. Звини-

город з выходы и зъ даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и зъ водами.

B. Черъкасы зъ выходы и данми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами; this fragment

is missing in C.

B. Хачибеевъ и Маꙗк з водами и зъ землꙗми; C. Хачибеевъ и Маꙗкъ з

водами и зъ землꙗми.

B. почонъши ѡт Киева, и Днепромъ и до ꙋстьꙗ; C. почонши ѡт Киева,

и Днепром и до ꙋстьꙗ.

B. и Снепородъ и Глинескъ со всими их людъми; C. и Снепорож и Гли-

нескъ со всими ихъ людми.

B. Жолважь, Путивль зъ землꙗми и з водами; C. Жолважь, Пꙋтивлы

зъ землꙗми и водами.

B. Бирин, Синꙗчъ, Хотень, Лосичи, Хотмышль, Нитꙗны со всими

их землꙗми и водами, и выходы, и данми; C. Биринь, Синꙗчъ, Хотел,

Лосичи, Хотмышлы, Ницꙗны со всими ихъ землꙗми и водами, и даньми,

и выходы.

B. черниговъскую тму со всими выходы и данми, и землꙗми, и водами;

C. черниговскꙋю тьмꙋ со въсими выходы и даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами.

B. данми, и зъ землꙗми; C. даньми, и зъ землꙗми.

B. курскꙋю тму з выходы и даньми, и землꙗми, и водами; C. курскꙋю

тьмꙋ з выходы и даньми, и зъ землꙗми, и водами.

B. тму; C. тьмꙋ.

B. зъ выходы и данми, и з землꙗми; C. з выходы и даньми, и зъ землꙗми.

C. Мужечъ, Ѡскол; и Стародꙋбъ, Бранескъ.

B. со всими их выходы и данми, и зъ землꙗми; C. и со всими ихъ выходы

и даньми, и з землꙗми.

In C. written erroneously: Менскъ.

B. Тула-городъ, со всими их землꙗми и водами, и выходы, и данми;

C. Тула-город, со всими ихъ выходы и даньми, и землꙗми, и водами.

B. Ратунь, и Козелескъ, Пронско, Ѡлконско; C. Ратꙋнъ, и Козельскъ,

Пронъско, Ѡлконьско.

558 document 8 (2 july 1507)

Испашъ, [Донецъ,]

со въсими ихъ выходы и данми, и з землꙗми,

водами; Ꙗбꙋ-городокъ,

Балыклы, Караꙋл, Чорныи городъ,

Дашовъ-

городищо, Тошичи, Немир, Мꙋшачъ,

Ходоровъ, со всими их выходы

и з данми, и з землꙗми,

и водами.

Ино великии кнꙗз Казимир, брат нашъ, з литовъское земли кнꙗзи

и паны, штобы доброта множила, длꙗ того и мы тежъ

с ꙋланы, кнꙗзи

порадивъ, а брат нашъ кнꙗз

Казимир Анъдреева сына пана Богъ-

дана маршалка, а с ним

пана Ивашковъ сынъ,

[панъ Ивашенцо],

коли до мене ѡтъ

брата моего в поселстве приехали, ино мы,

повышаꙗ брата нашого [милꙋючи],

Псковъ, Великии Новъгородъ

пожаловали дали есмо, и Резани Переꙗсловлъ

в головахъ,

люди,

тмы,

городы, и села, и дани, и выходы, и з землꙗми, и з водами, и с

потоками

къ литовъскомꙋ

столцꙋ придали есмо.

Ино вы, имены выше писаныи

городы, кнꙗзи, и боꙗре, напередъ

сего великомꙋ кнꙗзю Витовътꙋ,

братꙋ нашомꙋ, а потом

великомꙋ

кнꙗзю Жикгимонътꙋ, братꙋ нашомꙋ,

какъ

есте слꙋживали, ино

Missing in A.; in C. Донец.

B. со всими их выходы и даньми, и з землꙗми; C. со всими ихъ выходы

и даньми, и зъ землꙗми.

B. Ꙗбꙋ-город.

B. and C. Караꙋлъ, Чорныи город.

In B. erroneously repeated: Немиръ, Немир, Мушачъ; in C. Немир,

Мушач.

B. со всими их выходы и данми, и зъ землꙗми; C. со всими ихъ выходы

и з даньми, и зъ землꙗми.

B. кнꙗзь Казимир, братъ нашъ, з литовское земли съ кнꙗзи; C. кнꙗзь

Казимир, братъ нашъ, з литовское земли с кнꙗзи.

B. and C. теж.

B. and C. братъ нашъ кнꙗзь.

B. and C. Богдана маршалъка, а с нимъ.

B. сын.

us in B.; in C. панъ Ивашеньцо; in A. written mistakenly: понъ Ивашенцо.

B. and C. ѡт.

us in C.; in B. милуючи; in A. written mistakenly: минꙋючи.

C. Пъсковъ, Великии Новгород.

B. and C. Резань и Переꙗсловль.

B. в головах.

C. тьмы.

C. зъ землꙗми, и з водами, и съ потоками.

B. к литовъскомꙋ; C. к литовскомꙋ.

B. and C. писаные; this fragment is erroneously read by the editors of Lietuvos

Metrika as: И новы имены вышеписаные.

B. and C. наперед.

C. Витолтꙋ.

B. and C. потомъ.

B. Жикгимонту, братꙋ нашому; C. Жикгимонтꙋ, брату нашомꙋ.

B. как.

document 8 (2 july 1507) 559

и [ныне]

по томꙋ жъ

великомꙋ кнꙗзю Казимирꙋ, братꙋ нашомꙋ,

слꙋжите, колко городовъ

дани и выходы сполна давали. А кото-

рые люди напотом

повышаꙗ дали есмо, не молте:

“перво того

не слꙋживали есмо, и дани и выходꙋ не даивали есмо,” никоторое

вымовъки не меите, дани и выходы даваите, ѡтъ нинешнего часꙋ

слꙋжите.

Ино и нине

великии кнꙗз Жикгимонътъ, брат нашъ,

з литов-

съкое

земли кнꙗзи и паны, длꙗ того, штобы межи нами доброта

была, и мы с ꙋланы и кнꙗзи порадивъ,

ѡтъ

брата нашого, вели-

кого кнꙗзꙗ Жикгимонта панъ Юръи Зеновъевичъ,

а панъ Ꙗкꙋбъ

Ивашенцовичъ,

маршалокъ и писар татарскии Тимиръчинъ сынъ

кнꙗз Абрагим,

ѡтъ

брата нашого в поселстве приездили,

ино пер-

вые

цари, дꙗди наши, цар ѡтец нашъ пожаловал которими ꙗрлыки,

а потом и мы которимъ ꙗрлыком пожаловали,

милꙋючи Жикгимонта,

брата нашого, къ литовъскои

земли столцꙋ дали есмо пожаловал

сесъ

нашъ ꙗрлыкъ з ласки по первомꙋ ж,

сполна дани, и выходы, и

слꙋжбꙋ.

Не бꙋдете л то сполна слꙋжити,

и вам некоторое ж

добро

us in B. and C.; in A. written mistakenly: и мне;

B. по томꙋ ж.

B. годовъ.

B. напотомъ.

B. мовте.

B. ѡт нынешнего часу; C. ѡт нынешнего часꙋ.

us in C.; in B. written with a titlo (н҃н҃҃҃҃е); in A. the titlo is missing (нне).

B. and C. кнꙗзь Жикгимонт, братъ нашъ.

C. литовское.

C. порадив.

B. and C. ѡт.

B. пан Юрыи Зеновъевич; C. панъ Юри Зеновъевичъ.

B. пан Ꙗкубъ Ивашенцовичъ; C. панъ Ꙗкубъ Ивашенцевичъ.

B. Тимирчин сын кнꙗзь Ѡбрагимъ; C. Тимирчинъ сынъ кнꙗзь

Абрагим.

B. and C. ѡт.

B. приезъдили.

B. перъвые.

B. царь ѡтець нашъ пожаловал которыми ꙗрлыки; C. цар ѡтец нашъ

пожаловалъ которыми ꙗрлыки.

B. а потомъ и мы которымъ ꙗрлыком пожаловали; C. а потомъ и мы

которым ꙗрлыкомъ пожаловали.

B. к литовъскои; C. к литовскои.

B. пожаловали сесь; C. пожаловал сесь.

B. первому ж; C. первомꙋ жъ.

B. службꙋ.

B. чинити; C. служити.

B. and C. вамъ некоторое жъ.

560 document 8 (2 july 1507)

бꙋдет,

бꙋдете воеваны и граблены, сего нашого ꙗрлыка не бꙋдете л

послꙋшными,

штобы есте не сплошили сꙗ!

Длꙗ того на то под золотым нишаном

и подъ

алыми пꙗтны

ꙗрлыкъ данъ,

по Про[ро]ка

нашого смерти девꙗтсотъ лет и три-

надцат летъ,

щастливого

месеца саѳара к҃҃҃҃҃а҃ [21] днꙗ, в пꙗтницꙋ.

Писанъ

в городе Веселом.

Translation:

e letter from the Tatar khan Mengli Giray to the lords of the Council and all

the Ruthenian people concerning Kiev and other castles:

I commence, oh Lord, in Your name!

e word of Mengli Giray, the great khan of the Great Horde:

To the commanders of tens of thousands [tümens], thousands, hundreds, and

tens of the great people [ulus] of the right and the le hand, the ulans and beys

[Ruth. knjazem], and to all the Ruthenian people, princes, boyars, metropoli-

tans, [Orthodox] priests, monks, and all ordinary people and commoners:

We let you know that the great khan, our uncle,

and the great khan Hadji

Giray, our father, when their horses were growing sweaty [beneath them], they

would come seeking hospitality [i.e., refuge] to Grand Duke Vytautas, in Lith-

uania; in return they granted [him] numerous places, beginning with Kiev.

Likewise, the grand duke of Lithuania, our brother Casimir, along with the

Lithuanian princes and lords, have asked us to do accordingly, and we have

granted their request.

As God has placed us on the throne of our father, whatever had been granted

by the great khan, our uncle, and by the great khan, our father, [we have

granted] accordingly:

– the tümen of Kiev along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Volodymyr along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Great Luc’k along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

B. бꙋдеть.

B. and C. ль.

B. послушни; C. послꙋшни.

B. золотымъ нишаномъ.

B. and C. под.

B. ꙗрълыкъ дан.

Only in C. written correctly, with a Cyrillic letter р scribed over the line.

B. девꙗтьсот летъ и тринадцать летъ; C. деветсотъ лет и трынад-

цать лет.

C. щасливого.

B. and C. Писан.

B. Веселомъ.

Apparently the reference to Khan Tokhtamısh.

document 8 (2 july 1507) 561

– the tümen of Smolensk along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Podolia along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Kamjanec’

along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Braclav along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Sokolec’

along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– Zvynyhorod

along with incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– Čerkasy along with incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– Kačybej

and Majak

along with waters and lands;

– and starting from Kiev, along with the Dnieper down to its mouth;

– and Sneporod

and Hlyns’k

along with all their people;

– Žolvaž

and Putyvl’ along with lands and waters;

– Byryn,

Sinec,

Xoten’,

Losyčy,

Xotmyšl’,

and Nycjany

along with all

their lands, waters, levies, and incomes;

It is not clear why Kamjanec’ (Pol. Kamieniec Podolski) is listed separately as it

was the center of the province of Podolia, already listed above.

In his detailed analysis of the geographic contents of this yarlıq, Fedir Petrun’

convincingly argued that Sokal’ should not be identied with the well known town

in Galicia, but with the medieval Podolian castle of Sokolec’ (today Sokilec’), situ-

ated east of Kamjanec’ on the river Ušycja; see idem “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 141. For

the same opinion, see Stefan Maria Kuczyński, Sine Wody, pp. 24–25; republished in:

idem, Studia z dziejów Europy Wschodniej X–XVII w. (Warsaw, 1965): 135–180, esp.

pp. 152–153. The above identification is additionally supported by the fact that in the

yarlıq from 1514 (Document 14) the tümen of Sokolec’ is referred to as sokoleckaja

tma, and in Document 24 we find the form Sokolče. On Sokolec’, see Słownik geogra-

ficzny, vol. 11, p. 17.

Today Zvenyhorodka; a medieval castle situated southwest of Čerkasy on the

river Hnylyj Tikyč; on its history see Słownik geograficzny, vol. 14, pp. 690–696.

A medieval Tatar settlement named Hadjibey, situated on the Black Sea shore in

the place of present-day Odessa; also known under alternative names as Kačybej and

Kačybejev/Kačybijiv.

Today Majaky; a settlement on the le shore of the river Dniester, close to its

mouth.

An estate on the Sula, situated between Čerkasy and Hlyns’k; see Petrun’,

“Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 140; Arxiv Jugo-Zapadnoj Rossii, izdavaemyj Kommissieju dlja

razbora drevnix aktov, pt. 7, vol. 1: Akty o zaselenii Jugo-Zapadnoj Rossii (Kiev, 1886),

pp. 102–103.

A town, belonging to the Hlyns’kyj (Gliński) family, situated on the river Sula;

on its history, see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” pp. 139–140 and Słownik geograficzny,

vol. 3, pp. 75–76.

An estate in the region of Putyvl’; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 138 and

Slovnyk staroukrajins’koji movy, vol. 1, p. 362.

An estate in the region of Putyvl’; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 138 and

Slovnyk staroukrajins’koji movy, vol. 1, p. 96. The modern town of Buryn’ is situated

nearby.

An estate on the river Sula; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 139.

Xoten’ rather than Xotel as in the manuscript (cf. also Document 12); an estate in

the region of Putyvl’; see Slovnyk staroukrajins’koji movy, vol. 2, p. 514. The modern

town of Xotin’ north of Sumy is situated nearby.

An estate on the river Vorskla; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” pp. 138–139.

An estate on the river Vorskla; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 138.

An estate on the river Vorskla; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” pp. 138–139.

562 document 8 (2 july 1507)

– the tümen of Černihiv along with all incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– Ryl’sk

along with incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Kursk along with incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

– the tümen of Jagoldaj, son of Saraj:

Myloljub along with incomes, levies,

lands, and waters, Mužeč and Oskol;

– Starodub and Brjansk along with all their incomes, levies, lands, and

waters;

– Mcensk, Ljubutsk,

and the town of Tula,

along with all their incomes,

levies, lands, and waters;

– Berestej and Retan’,

Kozel’sk, Pronsk,

Volkonsk,

Spažsk,

and Donec,

along with all their incomes, levies, lands, and waters;

A medieval town on the river Sejm, today in Russia; in the 14th century annexed

to Lithuania; in 1500 its holder acknowledged Muscovian suzerainty; see Słownik geo-

graficzny, vol. 10, p. 94.

Petrun’ and Kuczyński quote a document from 1497 that identies the estate

of Jagoldaj as consisting of Myloljub, Mužeč and Oskol and extending between the

upper Sejm and the upper Donec rivers (hence punctuation marks were entered to

the Ruthenian text in order to read this fragment correctly). is estate was initially

granted by Vytautas to Ulug Muhammed, the pretender to the throne of the Golden

Horde, who sought refuge in Lithuania. Aer Ulug Muhammed le in 1437 in order

to continue his ght for the throne, the estate was granted to one of his military

commanders, Jagoldaj (Jaholdaj). Jagoldaj’s estate was inherited by his son, and then

granddaughter, who married Prince Jurij Vjazemskij. Aer the latter accepted Mus-

covian suzerainty in 1494, the estate was conscated by the Lithuanian treasury, to be

nally ceded to Muscovy in 1503; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” pp. 137–138; Stefan

Maria Kuczyński, “Jahołdaj i Jahołdajewicze lenni książęta tatarscy Litwy,” in: idem,

Studia z dziejów Europy Wschodniej X–XVII w., pp. 221–226; Jan Tyszkiewicz, Tatarzy

na Litwie i w Polsce. Studia z dziejów XIII–XVIII w., pp. 130 and 161.

An estate on the river Oskol (Ukr. Oskil), a le tributary of the Donec. e

modern town of Starij Oskol (today in Russia) is situated nearby.

Mcensk and Ljubutsk constituted two Lithuanian strongholds against Muscovy;

aer 1494, when most of the region was already lost, they constituted two Lithuanian

enclaves on the right, eastern side of the river Oka; they were nally annexed to Mus-

covy in 1503; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” pp. 135–136.

Tula had belonged to Lithuania only temporarily in the years 1428–1434; being

a part of the Duchy of Rjazan’, in 1503 it was annexed to Muscovy.

Petrun’ corrected the assumption by Myxajlo Hruševskyj, who had identied the

above two localities with Brest and Ratne (Pol. Brześć and Ratno) in western Polissja;

in fact, they both belonged to the Duchy of Rjazan’ and were temporarily annexed

to Lithuania in the years 1428–1434, along with Tula; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,”

pp. 138–139.

A town in the Duchy of Rjazan’ that had temporarily acknowledged Lithuanian

suzerainty in 1427; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 136.

An autonomous principality on the right side of the river Oka that had belonged

to Lithuania until 1494; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 135.

An autonomous principality (centered in Pavšino) on the right side of the river

Oka that had belonged to Lithuania until 1494; see Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 135.

An estate on the river Donec.

document 8 (2 july 1507) 563

– the castle of Jabu,

Balykly,

Karaul,

Čornyj Horod,

the ruined castle

[Ruth. horodyščo] of Dašov,

Tošyčy, Nemyr, Mušač, Xodorov,

along with

all their incomes, levies, lands, and waters.

Moreover, Grand Duke Casimir, our brother, along with the princes and lords

of Lithuania, and also we, along with the ulans and beys [Ruth. knjazi], hav-

ing taken counsel for the good to multiply [between us], as our brother, Duke

Casimir, [had sent] the marshal Bohdan, son of Andrej,

and along with him

Pan Ivašenco, son of Pan Ivaška,

when they had come to me in embassy

from my brother, we—by strengthening our love towards our brother—had

granted Pskov, Velikij Novgorod, and [the duchy of ]

Rjazan’, beginning with

A Tatar settlement, situated near the Black Sea shore between the lower Boh and

the lower Dniester; it is placed on the famous map by Moralı İlyas, preserved in the

Topkapı Palace (subscribed as qal‘e-i Yabu i.e., “the fortress of Jabu”). e map origins

probably from 1497. By 1507 Jabu was apparently destroyed; see Zygmunt Abrahamo-

wicz, “Stara turecka mapa Ukrainy,” pp. 10, 17, 20, and 22.

A ruined Tatar castle (known as Balykleja in Slavic sources), situated on the right

bank of the Čyčakleja river (today Čyčyklija), near the place where it empties into the

Boh; see Petrun’, “Stepove Pobužžja v hospodars’kim ta vijs’kovim ukladi Ukrajins’koho

pohranyččja. Zamitky do Bronjevs’koho ta Boplana,” Žurnal naukovo-doslidčyx katedr

m. Odesy 2 (1926), no. 2: 91–103, esp. pp. 99–101; idem, “Nove pro tatars’ku starovynu

boz’ko-dnistrjans’koho stepu,” Sxidnyj Svit (1928), no. 6: 155–171, esp. pp. 165–166

(see also the commentary by S. Dloževs’kyj to the above article containing an archeo-

logical description of the site in ibidem, pp. 173–174); the location of Balykly on the

Boh river is conrmed in Document 18.

A former Tatar settlement on the lower Dniester; in 1442 King Vladislaus III of

Poland granted Carawl super Dniestr uvio along with Čornyj Horod (cf. n. 30 below)

and Kačybej to Teodoryk of Buczacz (Buczacki), the castellan of Kamieniec, on the

condition that he would rebuild and fortify them; see Zbiór dokumentów małopolskich.

Edited by I. Sułkowska-Kuraś and S. Kuraś, pt. 8 (Wrocław etc., 1975), p. 232; cf. also

Petrun’, “Nove pro tatars’ku starovynu boz’ko-dnistrjans’koho stepu,” p. 162.

A castle on the eastern shore of the Dniester, close to its mouth and near (some-

times identied with) Majak; in the royal document from 1442 (cf. n. 29 above)

referred to as Czarnigrod, ubi Dniestr uvius dictus mare intrat; cf. Petrun’, “Xans’ki

jarlyky,” pp. 141–142, and idem, “Nove pro tatars’ku starovynu boz’ko-dnistrjans’koho

stepu,” pp. 157–160.

Dašov was the ancient name of Očakiv (Tat. Djankerman/Djankermen; Tur. Özü

qal‘esi); see Michalonis Lituani De moribus Tartarorum, Lituanorum et Moschorum

fragmina X, p. 35: Dassovv, aliter Oczakovv; cf. Petrun’, “Xans’ki jarlyky,” p. 141.

e last four settlements could not be identied, but they were apparently situ-

ated in lower Podolia, between the Boh and Dniester rivers, along with other localities

listed in the same paragraph. In Document 14 Xodorov (or Fedorov) is referred to as

an island.

On Bohdan Andreevyč Sakovyč, see Document 4, n. 31; here his embassy to the

Crimea in ca. 1473 is mentioned.

On the scribe Ivašenco, see Document 4, n. 32.

Aer the medieval town of Rjazan’ had been destroyed by the Mongols in 1237,

the name of Rjazan’ came to refer merely to the duchy, whose new capital was estab-

lished in Perejaslavl’ Rjazan’skij (cf. Document 4, n. 33).