Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)

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584 document 10 (5 september 1513)

years since those times and until this point, we have been amiably and well dis-

posed towards him, having dispatched multiple envoys and frequent couriers to

inquire about his health. Upon seeing our loyal and sincere friendship towards

him, our brother Mengli Giray Khan wrote and notied us through his great

envoys, Devlet Bakhtı,

Vicenzo,

and Baptista,

demanding that for the sake

of loyal brotherhood and eternal friendship between us we exchange letters of

agreement [Ruth. dokončalnyi lysty] and conrm them with oaths. And we,

the king and grand duke Sigismund, having taken counsel with the reverend

bishops and with all our Lords Councilors of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania,

have given consent for it with the grace of God and our will.

With the present letter we make known that we have councluded peace and

eternal agreement with our brother Mengli Giray, the great khan of the Great

Horde, to live with him in harmony and amity, as our ancestors had with his

ancestors, and our father King Casimir had with his father Hadji Giray Khan,

to be a friend to his friend and an enemy to his enemy, and to face jointly with

him any of his enemies from any direction. Also our brother, Mengli Giray

Khan, along with his children and grandchildren, his younger brothers, the

commanders of ten thousands [tümens], thousands, hundreds, and tens of the

great people [ulus] of his right hand and le, all the ulans, mirzas, and beys

[Ruth. knezy], should be a friend to our friend and an enemy to our enemy,

and face jointly with us any of our enemies from any direction.

And whichever towns, estates, lands, and waters our Muscovian enemy

treacherously captured and took in possession in violation of his oath and

agreement under [the reign of ] our brother, the king and grand duke Alex-

ander, our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, by his [military] assistance should

recapture these towns, estates, lands, and waters from the hands of the Mus-

covian enemy, and restore them into our might, and in the future he should

always assist [us] with all his troops against the Muscovian enemy. And if it

so happens that we [ask] our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, for help against any

other of our enemies, then our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, should send us as

many men as we need.

Moreover, [in regard to] the towns that his ancestors, the rst khans, and

his father, Hadji Giray Khan, and—also recently—our brother, Mengli Giray

Khan, have written down in their letters with golden seals [and granted] to the

On Devlet Bakhtı, the leader of the Barın clan, see Document 9, n. 17. In 1512,

Devlet Bahtı along with Vicenzo de Guidulphis and Giovanni Baptista de San Nicolo

(on them, see below) accompanied Mengli Giray’s grandson, Prince Djalaleddin, to

Kiev and then to Vilnius, where the latter was to be retained as an honorary hostage.

King Sigismund, then absent from Lithuania, greeted the envoys in his letters sent

from Poznań to Vilnius and dated 9 February 1513; see Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z

Tatarszczyzną, p. 398; Acta Tomiciana, vol. 2, p. 160. Aer Djalaleddin died in Vil-

nius, the envoys were sent back along with the present document.

Vicenzo de Guidulphis, an Italian in the khan’s service; in the Latin letter by

King Sigismund referred to as Vincentius de Zuguls; cf. n. 4 above and Document

16, n. 10.

Giovanni Baptista de San Nicolo, an Italian in the khan’s service; in the Latin

letter by King Sigismund referred to as Johannes Baptista de S. Nicolao; cf. n. 4 above

and Document 16, n. 11.

document 10 (5 september 1513) 585

Grand Duchy of Lithuania along with their tümens, lands, waters, all incomes

and levies, as some of these towns, estates, lands, and waters have fallen into

the hands of the Muscovian [ruler] in the unfortunate times of our ancestors,

our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, should—in conformity with his ancestors’ and

his own letters of agreement, and with the tenor of his rm royal word—recap-

ture them from the might of the Muscovian [ruler] and restore to us.

And as the children of Ahmed and Mahmud

are enemies of our brother,

Mengli Giray Khan, they are our enemies, too, and we will face them jointly,

along with Mengli Giray Khan. And we will detain in Lithuania his enemy,

Sheikh Ahmed, for life, until he is reached by death sent by God; and we will

not let him go so that he does not commit any harm to him [i.e., Mengli Giray];

likewise, we will not let his [i.e., Sheikh Ahmed’s] servants go so that they do

not commit any harm to him [i.e., Mengli Giray], if only Mengli Giray Khan

keeps rmly his royal word and fullls his oath [given] to us.

As regards the harm committed during [the reigns of ] our father, King Casi-

mir, and our elder brothers, the kings [John] Albert and Alexander, and also

recently during [the reign of ] us, King Sigismund, by Mehmed Giray Sultan—to

begin with—and other sultans [i.e., princes], your brothers and your children,

and by all ulans and beys, and all your servants towards our ancestral states,

the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and whatever damage

they have caused to our lands up till the present, we forgive them, we release all

this harm from our memory, and we do not intend to hold it against them.

Moreover, if by God’s permission our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, his son

Mehmed Giray Sultan—to begin with, or other sultans [i.e., princes] partici-

pating in this reconciliation, come to us, to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, to

seek hospitality or to assist me, King Sigismund, against my enemy and—on

our request—to show enmity to [our] enemy along with their troops and to

“e children of Ahmed and Mahmud” (Ruth. axmatovy a mahmutovy dety)—

a customary formula in the Crimean correspondence with Muscovy and Poland-

Lithuania, referring to the khans of the Great Horde and of Astrakhan, who were

the traditional enemies of the Girays; cf. Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix snošenij, vol. 2,

column 15 of the index. Mahmud and Ahmed were the grandsons of Timur Qutlug

(r. 1395–1401), once the rival of Tokhtamısh to the throne of the Golden Horde, and

the sons of Küchük Muhammed, the founder of the so-called Great Horde. Aer

Küchük Muhammed’s death in 1459, his two sons competed for the throne. Finally,

Ahmed remained in power, entering an anti-Muscovian alliance with King Casimir.

Aer Ahmed’s death at the hands of the Nogays in 1481, the throne of the Great Horde

was inherited by his sons, rst Murtaza and Seyyid Ahmed, who ruled jointly, and then

Sheikh Ahmed; see M. Safargaliev, Raspad Zolotoj ordy (Saransk, 1960), pp. 264–265,

269, and the appended genealogical tree. Aer the defeat of Sheikh Ahmed by Mengli

Giray in 1502 (the disputed fall of the Great Horde), the sons of Mahmud [Abdelka-

rim (r. ca. 1508–1514); Djanibek (r. 1514–1521)] and of Ahmed [Sheikh Ahmed

(r. 1527–1528)] as well as their descendents continued to rule in the Khanate of Astra-

khan; see Zaitsev [Zajcev], “e Khanate of Astrakhan,” pp. 848–853; idem, Astra -

xanskoe xanstvo, p. 249 and passim. Zaitsev challenges the traditional view of Mahmud

as the founder of the khanate of Astrakhan, arguing that the khanate itself developed

as an independent state only aer 1502. e accession date of Sheikh Ahmed to the

throne of Astrakhan, initially proposed as ca. 1525–1528, was later precised by Zaitsev

as 1527 (see Document 9, n. 27).

586 document 10 (5 september 1513)

bring our case against this enemy to a propitious conclusion, they should enjoy

favor and reverence among us, they should be able to depart enjoying favor and

reverence, and should not suer any harm from us.

Moreover, when merchants—either rich or poor—come to our land from

among the peoples [uluses] of our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, aer they have

paid the ancient, established tolls, our ocials should not employ force or vio-

lence against them; and if any of our ocials breaks our present order and

collects from them more than the [customary] tax, we should punish him and

order to fully restore them the [illegal] payment; may all merchants of our

brother come safe and depart sound.

Moreover, as—with our brotherly favor—we intend to help our brother,

Mengli Giray Khan, so that he may provide his loyal servants [sent] to assist

us against our enemies, we promise to send him each year gis [upomynky]

from our two states, the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, [in

the amount of ] 15,000 orins [zolotys], in the following manner: 7,500 orins

from the Crown and 7,500 orins from the Grand Duchy, one half in cash and

one half in goods, every year in two rates: the rst rate—7,500 orins—should

reach our brother on the seventh Saturday [i.e., the Saturday before the Pen-

tecost], the second rate of another 7,500 orins on St. Martin’s Day.

And [in

return] our brother, Mengli Giray Khan, should always, whenever we need it

and without any excuse, send assistance against our present [i.e., Muscovian]

enemy and against all our other enemies, and he should fulll all his duties

towards us, as it is written above in our present letter.

And neither will we depart in any detail from our word [given] to our

brother; and having conrmed with rm oath[s] the veracity of all our pres-

ent words along with the reverend bishops and with all our Lords Councilors

of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, we have issued our present letter with our

great majestic seal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania,

and with the seals of our

I.e., 11 November.

A great majestatic seal, measuring 98–99 mm. in diameter and depicting the

grand duke sitting on the throne, was the most solemn seal used in the Lithuanian

chancery in the rst half of the 15th century. However, no majestic seal has been pre-

served from the later period. Although Casimir used a majestic seal, measuring 120

mm. in diameter, as the king of Poland, no majestic seal from his reign is known for

Lithuania. In regard to Casimir’s older sons, John Albert and Alexander, no majestic

seal is known from their reigns and that led a modern scholar to conclude that they

consciously discontinued its use; see Zenon Piech, Monety, pieczęcie i herby w syste-

mie symboli władzy Jagiellonów (Warsaw, 2003), p. 105. Similarly, only the great and

small seals (measuring respectively 67 and 32 mm.) have been preserved from the

reign of Sigismund; see ibidem, pp. 106–107; cf. also Maryan Gumowski, Pieczęcie

królów polskich (Cracow, 1910), pp. 25–27. e confusing reference to Sigismund’s

majestic seal in the present document as well as the documents from 1516 amd 1535

(cf. Documents 17 and 26) should be treated either as a void chancery formula (while

the documents concerned were sealed merely with the great seal), or as proof that the

majestic seal was in fact used. is last possibility seems to be conrmed by a reference

to the removal of the majestic seal from the Lithuanian chancery in 1544, when aged

King Sigismund granted full authority over Lithuania to his son, Sigismund Augustus.

document 10 (5 september 1513) 587

Lords Councillors, who have been present: the Reverend Martin,

the bishop of

Samogitia; Pan Mikołaj Mikołajewicz Radziwiłł,

the palatine of Vilnius and

our chancellor; Prince Kostjantyn Ivanovyč Ostroz’kyj,

the lord [i.e., castel-

lan] of Vilnius, our hetman, the starosta of Luc’k, Braclav, and Vinnycja, the

marshal of Volhynia; Pan Hryhoryj Stanisławowicz Ościkowicz,

the palatine

of Trakai and our court marshal; Pan Stanisław Janowicz,

the lord [i.e., cas-

tellan] of Trakai and the starosta of Samogitia; Pan Stanisław Piotrowicz,

the

land marshal and the starosta of Hrodna; Pan Jan Janowicz Zabrzeziński,

the

palatine of Navahrudak and our marshal;

Pan Ivan Sapeha,

the palatine of

From then on, documents issued by the Lithuanian chancery were to be corroborated

by the personal seal of the young king; cf. Grzegorz Błaszczyk, Litwa na przełomie

średniowiecza i nowożytności 1492–1569 (Poznań, 2002), p. 94.

Martin Lintfari, bishop of Samogitia from 1492 till 1515, probably of German

origin (his nickname Lintfari, registered in a Roman consistorial document, is unusual

for a German surname and might be a misspelled place of origin, namely Lithuania);

see his biography in Grzegorz Błaszczyk, Diecezja żmudzka od XV do początku XVII

wieku. Ustrój (Poznań, 1993), pp. 47–49.

Mikołaj Radziwiłł, palatine of Vilnius and Lithuanian chancellor since 1510; see

his biography by Grzegorz Błaszczyk in PSB, vol. 30, pp. 316–319.

Kostjantyn Ostroz’kyj (Pol. Konstanty Ostrogski), prominent military com-

mander and patron of the Orthodox church in Lithuania; in 1497, aer a series of

successful battles with Crimean troops, he was appointed the Lithuanian hetman and

the starosta of Braclav, Vinycja, and Zvynyhorod; in 1500 he fell into Muscovian cap-

tivity; aer his return to Lithuania in 1507, he regained his former posts and was addi-

tionally appointed the marshal of Volhynia and the starosta of Luc’k; in 1511 he was

nominated the castellan of Vilnius, and in 1522 the palatine of Trakai; he commanded

the Lithuanian troops in numerous battles against the Crimean Tatars (1512, 1519,

1527) and Muscovy (e.g., the battle of Orša in 1514); see his biography by Zbysław

Wojtkowiak in PSB, vol. 24, pp. 486–489.

Pol. Grzegorz Stanisławowicz Ościkowicz / Ruth. Hryhoryj Stankovyč Ostykovyč,

Lithuanian court marshal since 1494 and palatine of Trakai since 1510; see his biogra-

phy by Agnieszka Winiarska in PSB, vol. 24, pp. 609–610.

Stanisław Janowicz Kieżgajło, starosta of Samogitia since 1486, castellan of Trakai

since 1499, castellan of Vilnius since 1522; see his biography by Zdzisław Spieralski

in PSB, vol. 12, pp. 446–448.

Stanisław Piotrowicz Kiszka, starosta of Hrodna since 1508 and Lithuanian land

marshal since 1512; cf. his biography by Zdzisław Spieralski in PSB, vol. 12, pp. 515–

517.

Jan Janowicz Zabrzeziński, marshal since 1506, palatine of Navahrudak since

1509, Lithuanian land marshal since 1522, palatine of Trakai since 1531; see Urzędnicy

centralni i dostojnicy WKL, p. 251.

On this ancient Lithuanian court title (in Latin referred to as marschalcus noster

and in Polish as marszałek nasz or marszałek hospodarski), not to be confused with

the more elevated titles of land marshal and court marshal, see Urzędnicy centralni i

dostojnicy WKL, p. 80.

Ivan Sapeha (Pol. Sapieha), member of numerous embassies to Moscow and sup-

porter of the union between the Greek and Latin church; marshal since 1504, palatine

of Vicebsk since 1511, palatine of Podlachia (Podlasie) since 1514; see his biography

by Maria Michalewiczowa in PSB, vol. 34, pp. 613–618.

588 document 10 (5 september 1513)

Jurij Ivanovyč Ilinič, marshal since 1500, lieutenant of Lida since 1500 and

of Brest since 1510, starosta of Kaunas since 1514, court marshal since 1519; see

Urzędnicy centralni i dostojnicy WKL, p. 211.

Wojciech Janowicz Kłoczko, chamberlain of Grand Duchess Helen, the wife of

King Alexander, in the years 1495–1513; lieutenant of Kaunas and marshal since 1499;

see his biography by Agnieszka Winiarska in PSB, vol. 13, pp. 49–50.

Piotr Olechnowicz / Ruth. Petr Olexnovyč, head cook of the Lithuanian court

since 1492; in 1507 sent in a failed embassy to Moscow along with a Crimean envoy

in order to negotiate a common peace; see his biography by Agnieszka Winiarska in

PSB, vol. 23, p. 733 (the present document proves that he assumed the post of the

lieutenant of Utena earlier than 1514, as stated by Winiarska).

On Utena (Pol. Uciana), see Słownik geograficzny, vol. 12, p. 740.

Jan Abraham Ezofovyč, a Jew converted to the Orthodox Christianity in 1488

and ennobled in 1507; Lithuanian land treasurer (podskarbij) since 1509; see his biog-

raphy by Władysław Pociecha in PSB, vol. 6 (Cracow, 1948), pp. 328–331.

e second indiction lasted from 1 September 1513 till 31 August 1514.

Vicebsk, our marshal and secretary; Pan Jurij Ivanovyč Ilinič,

our marshal,

the starosta of Brest and Lida; Pan Wojciech Janowicz,

the marshal and the

lieutenant of Kaunas; Pan Piotr Olechnowicz,

our head cook and the lieuten-

ant of Utena;

Pan Avram Ezofovyč,

the land treasurer.

Took place and given anno Domini 1513, on the 5th day of the month of

September, during the 2nd indiction.

DOCUMENT 11 (7 SEPTEMBER 1513)

e instrument of agreement (patentes literae) issued by Sigismund

as the king of Poland and sent to Khan Mengli Giray

e original document is missing.

Latin copies:

A. Bibl. Kórn., ms. 212, fol. 271a–273a.

Published in Acta Tomiciana, vol. 2 (Poznań, 1852), pp. 239–241.

B. Bibl. Kórn., ms. 219, fol. 291b–293b.

C. Bibl. Jagiell., ms. 107, pp. 191–194.

D. Bibl. Jagiell., ms. 114, fol. 112b–114b.

Foedus inter regem Sigismundum primum et Mendikyrej, imperatorem ar-

tarotum Precopensem:

In nomine Domini amen, etc.

Ad perpetuam rei memoriam.

Nos Sigismundus Dei gratia rex Poloniae,

magnus dux Lituaniae,

Russie, Prussie Samogitieque etc.

dominus et heres

etc. Signicamus tenore presentium, quibus expedit universis et singulis,

quia revolventes veteris federis

conclusiones serenissimorum predecessorum

nostrorum faelicis recordationis, Wladislai Iagello

avi, Vitoldi, Sigismundi,

Casimiri

genitoris regis

Poloniae et magnorum ducum Lituaniae ex una, et

predecessoris serenissimi Magnae Ordae magni caesaris Mendigerey,

fratris

e day number is uncertain; cf. n. bx below.

e codices containing the copies A. and B. belong to the multi-voluminous

16th-century selection of ocial documents known as Acta Tomiciana, respectively

to its Opaliński and Karnkowski collections; cf. Ryszard Marciniak, Acta Tomiciana

w kulturze politycznej Polski okresu odrodzenia, the table aer p. 180. e copies C.

and D. are later (respectively from the early 17th and late 16th century) and lack the

semiocial character of the former two; cf. Władysław Wisłocki, Katalog rękopisów

Biblijoteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, pts. 1–2 (Cracow, 1877–1881), pp. 40–42 and

46–47. erefore the variations of the copies C. and D. are noted only when they

regard proper names or aect the contents of the document.

B. Treugarum pacis cum Tartaro tenor; C. and D. Foedus Sigismundi primi regis

Poloniae cum caesare Praecopiensi Mendigerei.

C. and D. begin here.

In C. and D. here and hereaer Lithuaniae.

B. Prussiae, Masoviae etc.; C. and D. Russiae, Prussiae, Mazoviae etc.

B.-D. foederis.

In B.-D. here and hereaer: praedecessorum.

B. Vladislai Jagello; C. Wladislai Jagielonis; D. Wladislai Jagellonis.

B. Kasimiri.

B.-D. regum.

C. and D. Mendigerei.

590 document 11 (7 september 1513)

nostri, Taktomiss,

Asdigerey

patre nuncupato, et aliis imperatoribus, parti-

bus ex altera factas, privilegiis et inscriptionibus utrinque conrmatas, quibus

liquido satis perspeximus, illas, tempore presidentiae seu dominationis eorum

inter se coniunctissime et fraternae convixisse et solido favore synceroque

aectu invicem fuisse complexos, ita ut alterius hostis pro communi hoste

semper haberetur itidemque alterius amicus non nisi communis amicus cen-

seretur, preterea

unitis semper viribus et concordi voto contra quemlibet

hostem dimicabatur. Cuius amiciciae

interventu nes imperii et dominio-

rum utriusque, hostili potentia perdomita et confracta, propagabantur et non

parvo in dies augebantur incremento, ita ut res illorum communes secundae

admodum domi forisque haberentur. Nos etiam diligenti et matura intra nos

deliberatione habita, considerantes novorum foederum, amiciciarum et socie-

tatum dubios fore eventus, illis veteres amicicias, quas solidiores usu sem-

per didicimus preferentes posteaquam ad culmen regalis dignitatis in regno

Poloniae et Magno Ducatu Lituaniae, paterna avitaque solia, favente Domino,

conscendimus usque ad id tempus a novis societatibus et confederationibus

semper abhorrentes non alibi unquam amicicias nobis comparare volumus

quam apud fratrem nostrum caesarem Mendigerei

dignumque existimavi-

mus, cum quo mutuis ociis et beneciis (innitendo vestigiis predecessorum

nostrorum) certaremus. Quam nostram erga illam

tam propensam volun-

tatem frequentibus et honoricis legationibus, nunciis

nostris et aliis benivo-

lentiae argumentis illum salutando, quamque

ipsum resque suas incolumes

esse cupiamus, nixi sumus in hanc usque diem sedulo demonstrare. Is demum

frater noster caesar Mendigerey,

eius nostri erga se aectus non ingratus,

cupiens amiciciarum taliter iacta fundamenta, tam a predecessoribus, quam

etiam a nobis coalescere et maiori certitudine roborari, nobis tam per literas

quam per oratores suos Dowlekbaktibi et Vincentium [et] Baptistam,

quam

declaravit se plurimum desiderare, ut predictas

amicicias novis rursus con-

clusionibus et inscriptionibus ac iuramentis conrmaremus.

Nos vero Sigismundus, predictus rex et magnus dux etc., de consilio con-

siliariorum regni nostri status utriusque gratia divina id nobis inspirante in

eiusmodi novas inscriptiones et conclusiones consensimus presentibusque

B.-D. Taktomisch.

D. Asdigerei.

B. sinceroque.

In B.-D. here and hereaer praeterea.

In B.-D. here and hereaer: amicitiae.

B. and C. confoederationibus.

B. and C. voluimus.

B. Mendigerey.

B.-D. illum.

B. nunctiis.

B. and D. quanque; C. quanquam.

C. and D. Mendigerei.

On Devlet Bakhtı, Vicenzo de Guidulphis, and Giovanni Baptista de San Nicolo,

cf. Document 10, notes 4–6.

In B. here and hereaer: praedictas.

document 11 (7 september 1513) 591

literis nostris innotescimus universis et singulis, quia inivimus perpetue

pacis

foedera cum magno imperatore Magne Orde Mendigerei,

fratre nostro, cum

quo in ea amicicia et benivolentia perseverare voluimus, qualis inter dive

memoriae predecessores nostros, et genitorem nostrum Casimirum regem,

et Aczigir

caesarem similiter patrem eius extitit, hoc est amicos et inimicos

communes esse semper censendo, et sepe dictus frater noster Mendigerey

cesar

cum omnibus et singulis natis, nepotibus, fratribus natu minoribus,

et cum universo tam dextri quam sinistri lateris senatu, legionariis, millena-

riis, centurionibus, et omnibus ulanis et mursis, ducibus ceterisque

omnibus

dignitariis, magistratibus, quomodocumque nuncupatis et gentibus contra

quemlibet hostem nostrum, pro nostra iniuria veluti propria dimicare tene-

bitur et erit obligatus. Cum quibus supradictis omnibus erit amicus amico et

inimicus inimico.

Et item castra, castella, territoria, civitates, urbes, villas, rura, aquas, terras,

quas hostis noster defragus

Moscovita

de Magno Ducatu Lituaniae, tem-

pore presidentie

serenissimi olim Alexandri regis, predecessoris et germani

nostri charissimi, contra iusiurandum avulsit et dolose occupavit, predictus

frater noster illa omnia suis suorumque viribus ex eius manibus seu ditione

recuperare nobisque gratuito et sine quavis dicultate restituere tenebitur, et

erit adstrictus, et quotiens opus eius auxiliis contra dictum hostem nostrum

Moschovitam habuerimus, illa nobis cum omni potentatu suo quanto celerius

poterit prestabit.

Et simili modo contra quemcumque

alium hostem nos-

trum etiam nobis auxilia prestare tenebitur, et erit obligatus in eo numero et

copiis, pro quibus nos fratrem nostrum requiremus.

Item simili modo castra, que

predecessores eiusdem fratris nostri, cesaris,

et pater, Acigir cesar,

ipseque frater noster cesar Mendigerey,

pariter cum

legionibus, terris, aquis, et omnibus obventionibus, utilitatibusque et daciis

eorum literis aliis sigillis signatis

et munitis describere ad

dominia Magni

Ducatus Lituaniae pertinere, que

quidem ex talibus castris negligentia

B.-D. perpetuae.

B. magno imperatore Magnae Ordae Mendigerey; C. and D. magno imperatore

Magnae Ordae Mendigerei.

B.-D. divae.

C. Aciger; D. Acziger.

B. Mendigerey caesar.; C. and D. Mendigerei caesar.

B.-D. caeterisque.

D. de Graecque [sic].

B.-D. Moschovita.

B.-D. presidentiae.

In B. here and hereaer praestabit.

B. and D. quemcunque.

B.-D. quae.

B.-D. caesares.

B.-C. Acziger caesar; D. Acziger cesar.

B. caesar Mendigerey; C. caesar Mendigerei; D. cesar Mendigerei.

B.-D. datiis.

B.-D. obsignatis.

C. and D. ac; in D. crossed out and corrected to quae ad.

B.-D. quae.

592 document 11 (7 september 1513)

predecessorum nostrorum in manus hosti nostri Moscovitae

incidentes eius

dicioni

accessere, sepedictus frater noster, cesar Mendigereii,

innitendo

inscriptionibus predecessorum suorum conclusionibusque nobiscum factis

verbo eius rmo cesareo

illa etiam viribus suis recuperare de manibus Mos-

covitae

hostis nostri et nobis simpliciter sine quavis renitentia resignare seu

tradere ad Magnum Ducatum debebit.

Item nos etiam lios Achmat

et lios Machometi,

hostes frat-

ris nostri Mendigerei cesaris,

pro hostibus habebimus et cum ipso

contra illos hostilia volumus exercere. Item hostem ipsius Dziahmat

ax, 5

in dominio

Magni Ducatus Lituaniae captivum volumus tenere, et ex cap-

tivitate ad damnum et incommodum ipsius imperatoris illum ad tempora

vitae sue

nunquam liberum dimittere, servis etiam suis in dispendium dicti

fratris nostri licentiam seu facultatem abeundi nolumus prestare; et hoc, si

imperator nobis supradicta

servaverit promissa.

Preterea omnes et universas hostilitates, damna, indignitates et alia eius-

cemodi utrique dominio nostro, tam regno Poloniae quam Magno Ducatu

Lituaniae, quam serenissimorum foelicis [sic] recordationis Casimiri

patris,

Alberti, Alexandri fratrum, regum et predecessorum nostrorum, tum etiam

nostro temporibus per Machmetgierei

Soltan et alios soltanos, fratres et lios

dicti cesaris,

satrapas seu ulanos, duces, illatas et inictas, in universum illis

remittimus omnemque rancorem seu ultionis libidinem ex animo abolemus.

Liberumque deinceps erit pretextu eius foederis et solide amiciciae fratri

nostro cesari et Machmetgierei

Soltan aliisque soltanis in eorum propriis

personis in dominia

Magni Ducatus Lituaniae, vel item ad nos Sigismun-

dum regem tanquam hospitibus et invitatis veluti auxiliariis contra quemlibet

hostem cum eorum gentibus in certo numero per nos admittendo sine quo-

vis incommodo suo et dominiorum nostrorum

venire et redire. Quiquidem

taliter advenientes et redeuntes veluti amici debebunt a nobis non minus

humaniter quam honorice tractari.

B.-D. hostis nostri Moschovitae.

B. and C. ditioni.

B. and D. caesar Mendigerey; C. caesar Mendigerei.

B.-D. caesareo.

B.-D. Moschovitae.

C. and D. Achmath.

On “the sons of Ahmed and Mahmud,” cf. Document 10, n. 7.

B. and D. Mendigerey caesaris; C. Mendigerei caesaris.

B. Dziachmat; C.-D. Dziachmath.

On Sheikh Ahmed, the last khan of the Great Horde, cf. Document 9, n. 27.

B.-D. in dominiis.

B.-D. suae.

B.-D. superscripta.

B. Kasimiri.

B. Machmetgierey; C. and D. Machmethgerey.

B.-D. caesaris.

B. Machmetgerey.; C. and D. Machmethgerey.

C. and D. dominio.

B. et dominia nostra. C.-D. in dominia nostra.

document 11 (7 september 1513) 593

Item mercatores institoresque tam dicti cesaris Mendigerei, fratris nostri,

quam etiam eius senatus, solutis antiquis teloneis seu gabellis commeandi et

commercia

exercendi in dominia nostra, tam regni Poloniae quam Magni

Ducatus Lituaniae, liberam habebunt potestatem. Si autem acciderit predictos

mercatores per quempiam

ocialem nostrum ultra solita gravari, tunc nos

facta in ocialem iusta animadversione iubebimus omne damnum gravatis

resartiri.

Item volentes ut municentia fratris nostri, cesaris,

in servitores eius

magis appareat conspicua illique

eiusmodi donariis sublevati ad auxilian-

dum nobis reddantur paratiores et magis idonei, promittimus dicto fratri nos-

tro, cesari Mendigerei,

ex gratia nostra fraterna, qua illum complectimur,

quolibet anno quindecim

millia orenorum per proprium nostrum nunc-

tium, medietatem in numerata pecunia, et alteram medietatem in mercibus

transmittere.

Quam summam in duas ratas dividere debemus: prima rata

erit pro Pentecostes, secunda vero pro festo Sancti Martini, aliaque omnia

superius expressa inviolabiliter tenere. Frater autem noster, caesar Mendi-

gerei

omnes

bs-

et singulas predictas conditiones, inscriptiones

-bt

conclusiones

in eorum articulis et punctis tenebitur observare inconcusse et simpliciter

sine quovis colore et erit astrictus.

In quorum omnium dem has nostras patentes literas de consiliariorum

consilio nostrorum

regni nostri

conscribi et sigilli nostri munimine, quo

tanquam rex Poloniae utimur, roborari [iussimus].

bw, 6

Datum in septembro 1513.

B. caesaris Mendigerey, fratris; C. caesaris fratris Mendigerei; D. cesaris fratris

Mendigherey.

B. comertia.

B. quenpiam.

C. sartiri; D. sarciri

B. and C. caesaris.

B. illisque.

B. caesari Mendigerey; C. caesari Mendigerei; D. cesari Mendigherei.

C. and D. amplectimur.

B. quindecem.

C. and D. medietatem in mercibus transmittere, et alteram medietatem in numer-

ata pecunia dare.

B. and D. Mendigerey.

bs-bt

Missing in C. and D.

B.-D. de consilio consiliariorum nostrorum.

Missing in D.

In C. and D. only.

According to Mengli’s later document (cf. Document 15), the royal instrument in

Latin was also corroborated with the seals of three Polish councilors (kotoryj po fražskyj

pysan lyst’, tot pod ljad’skoju velykoju pečat’ju, y pod’ ljadskyx panov trox pečatju).

B. Datum Vilnae, septembris, anno Domini 1513; C. Datum Vilnae, 7 septembris,

anno Domini 1513. D. Datum Vilnae, VII

septembris, anno Domini 1513. e refer-

ence to the day, namely September 7th, is doubtful as it does not appear in A. and B.,

which are earlier copies. Possibly the reference to the month, recorded in original

orthography as in 7bro (A.) and 7bris (B.) was mistakenly taken by later scribes for

a day number.