Lowe D. Networking For Dummies
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Table of Contents
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Classifying IP Addresses .............................................................................295
Class A addresses ..............................................................................297
Class B addresses ..............................................................................299
Class C addresses ..............................................................................299
Subnetting .....................................................................................................299
Subnets ................................................................................................300
Subnet masks......................................................................................300
Network pre x notation ....................................................................302
Default subnets ..................................................................................302
The great subnet roundup ................................................................303
IP block parties ..................................................................................303
Private and public addresses ...........................................................304
Network Address Translation ....................................................................305
Chapter 3: Using DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
Understanding DHCP ..................................................................................307
Con guration information provided by DHCP ...............................307
DHCP servers ......................................................................................308
How DHCP actually works ................................................................308
Understanding Scopes ................................................................................310
Feeling excluded? ...............................................................................311
Reservations suggested ....................................................................311
How long to lease? .............................................................................312
Working with a DHCP Server ......................................................................313
Installing and con guring a DHCP server .......................................313
Managing a DHCP server ...................................................................316
How to Con gure a Windows DHCP Client ...............................................318
Automatic Private IP Addressing .....................................................319
Renewing and releasing leases .........................................................319
Chapter 4: Using DNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321
Understanding DNS Names ........................................................................321
Domains and domain names ............................................................322
Fully quali ed domain names...........................................................323
Top-Level Domains ......................................................................................324
Generic domains ................................................................................324
Geographic domains..........................................................................325
The Hosts File ..............................................................................................327
Understanding DNS Servers and Zones ....................................................330
Zones ...................................................................................................330
Primary and secondary servers .......................................................332
Root servers .......................................................................................332
Caching ................................................................................................335
Understanding DNS Queries .......................................................................335
A real-life DNS example .....................................................................336
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Zone Files and Resource Records .............................................................337
SOA records ........................................................................................339
NS records ..........................................................................................340
A records.............................................................................................340
CNAME records ..................................................................................341
PTR records ........................................................................................341
MX records .........................................................................................342
Reverse Lookup Zones ................................................................................342
Working with the Windows DNS Server ....................................................343
How to Con gure a Windows DNS Client .................................................345
Chapter 5: Using FTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347
Discovering FTP ...........................................................................................347
Con guring an FTP Server ..........................................................................348
Installing FTP ......................................................................................348
Creating an FTP site ...........................................................................348
Changing the FTP site properties ....................................................351
Adding content to your FTP site ......................................................353
Accessing an FTP Site with a Browser ......................................................354
Using an FTP Command Line Client ..........................................................355
FTP Command and Subcommand Reference ...........................................358
The FTP command .............................................................................358
! (Escape) ............................................................................................359
? (Help) ................................................................................................359
append.................................................................................................359
ascii ......................................................................................................360
bell .......................................................................................................360
binary ..................................................................................................360
bye .......................................................................................................360
cd .........................................................................................................360
close.....................................................................................................361
debug ...................................................................................................361
delete ...................................................................................................361
dir .........................................................................................................361
disconnect ..........................................................................................362
get ........................................................................................................362
glob ...................................................................................................... 362
hash .....................................................................................................363
help ...................................................................................................... 363
lcd ........................................................................................................363
literal ...................................................................................................363
ls ..........................................................................................................364
mdelete ................................................................................................364
mdir .....................................................................................................364
mget ..................................................................................................... 364
mkdir ...................................................................................................365
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mls .......................................................................................................365
mput ....................................................................................................365
open .....................................................................................................365
prompt.................................................................................................366
put ........................................................................................................366
pwd ......................................................................................................366
quit .......................................................................................................367
quote....................................................................................................367
recv ...................................................................................................... 367
remotehelp .........................................................................................368
rename.................................................................................................368
rmdir ....................................................................................................368
send .....................................................................................................368
status ................................................................................................... 369
trace .....................................................................................................369
type ......................................................................................................369
user ...................................................................................................... 370
verbose ................................................................................................370
Chapter 6: TCP/IP Tools and Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
Using the arp Command .............................................................................371
Using the hostname Command ..................................................................372
Using the ipcon g Command .....................................................................373
Displaying basic IP con guration ....................................................373
Displaying detailed con guration information ..............................374
Renewing an IP lease .........................................................................374
Releasing an IP lease .........................................................................375
Flushing the local DNS cache ...........................................................375
Using the nbtstat Command .......................................................................375
Using the netdiag Utility .............................................................................377
Using the netstat Command .......................................................................378
Displaying connections .....................................................................379
Displaying interface statistics ..........................................................379
Using the nslookup Command ...................................................................382
Looking up an IP address ..................................................................382
Using nslookup subcommands ........................................................383
Displaying DNS records ....................................................................384
Locating the mail server for an e-mail address ..............................385
Taking a ride through DNS-Land ......................................................386
Using the pathping Command ...................................................................389
Using the ping Command ...........................................................................390
Using the route Command ..........................................................................391
Displaying the routing table .............................................................391
Modifying the routing table ..............................................................394
Using the tracert Command .......................................................................395
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Book V: Wireless Networking ...........................................397
Chapter 1: Setting Up a Wireless Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .399
Diving into Wireless Networking ...............................................................400
A Little High School Electronics ................................................................400
Waves and frequencies .....................................................................401
Wavelength and antennas .................................................................402
Spectrums and the FCC .....................................................................402
Eight-Oh-Two-Dot-Eleventy Something? (Or, Understanding
Wireless Standards).................................................................................404
Home on the Range .....................................................................................405
Wireless Network Adapters ........................................................................406
Wireless Access Points ...............................................................................407
Infrastructure mode ..........................................................................408
Multifunction WAPs ...........................................................................409
Roaming ........................................................................................................ 410
Wireless bridging ...............................................................................410
Ad-hoc networks ................................................................................411
Con guring a Wireless Access Point .........................................................411
Basic con guration options ..............................................................411
DHCP con guration ...........................................................................413
Con guring Windows XP for Wireless Networking .................................414
Using a Wireless Network with Windows XP ...........................................415
Connecting to a Wireless Network with Windows Vista ........................417
Connecting to a Wireless Network with Windows 7 ...............................417
Chapter 2: Securing a Wireless Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419
Understanding Wireless Security Threats ................................................419
Intruders .............................................................................................420
Freeloaders ......................................................................................... 421
Eavesdroppers ...................................................................................421
Spoilers................................................................................................422
Rogue access points ..........................................................................422
What About Wardrivers and Warchalkers? ..............................................423
Wardriving ..........................................................................................423
Warchalking ........................................................................................424
Securing Your Wireless Network ...............................................................425
Changing the password .....................................................................425
Securing the SSID ...............................................................................425
Enabling WEP .....................................................................................427
Using WPA...........................................................................................428
Using MAC address ltering .............................................................429
Placing your access points outside the rewall ............................430
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Chapter 3: Hotspotting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431
What Is a Hotspot? ......................................................................................431
What’s So Great about Hotspots? ..............................................................432
Safe Hotspotting ..........................................................................................432
Free Hotspots ...............................................................................................432
Fee-Based Hotspots .....................................................................................433
T-Mobile ..............................................................................................434
Boingo .................................................................................................434
Setting Up Your Own Hotspot ....................................................................434
Chapter 4: Troubleshooting a Wireless Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437
Checking for Obvious Problems ................................................................437
Pinpointing the Problem .............................................................................438
Changing Channels ......................................................................................438
Fiddle with the Antennas ............................................................................439
Adding Another Access Point ....................................................................440
Help! I Forgot My Router’s Password! .......................................................441
Chapter 5: Wireless Networking with Bluetooth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .443
Understanding Bluetooth ...........................................................................443
Bluetooth Technical Stuff ...........................................................................444
How to Add Bluetooth to Your Computer ................................................445
Using Bluetooth in Windows ......................................................................445
Installing a USB Bluetooth Adapter ...........................................................446
Enabling Discovery ......................................................................................446
Installing a Bluetooth Mouse or Keyboard ...............................................447
Book VI: Mobile Networking ............................................449
Chapter 1: Managing Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451
The Many Types of Mobile Devices ..........................................................451
Considering Security for Mobile Devices .................................................453
Chapter 2: Managing BlackBerry Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455
Understanding BlackBerry .........................................................................455
Adding a BES User .......................................................................................458
Locking and Erasing a Handheld ...............................................................460
Chapter 3: Managing iPhone Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461
Understanding the iPhone ..........................................................................461
Integrating iPhone with Exchange .............................................................462
Enabling Exchange Mobile Services ................................................463
Enabling ActiveSync for a user’s mailbox .......................................464
Con guring the iPhone for Exchange e-mail ..................................465
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Chapter 4: Managing Android Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469
Understanding Android Phones ................................................................469
Looking at the Android Operating System ...............................................470
Perusing Android’s Core Applications ......................................................471
Integrating Android with Exchange ...........................................................471
Chapter 5: Managing Netbooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473
Understanding Netbook Computers .........................................................473
Connecting with a Netbook ........................................................................474
Tips for Using a Netbook Effectively .........................................................476
Book VII: Windows Server 2008 Reference .......................477
Chapter 1: Installing and Confi guring Windows Server 2008 R2. . . .479
Planning a Windows Server Installation ...................................................479
Checking system requirements........................................................479
Reading the release notes .................................................................480
Deciding whether to upgrade or install ..........................................481
Considering your licensing options .................................................481
Thinking about multiboot .................................................................481
Choosing a le system .......................................................................482
Planning your partitions ...................................................................483
Deciding your TCP/IP con guration ................................................484
Choosing workgroups or domains ..................................................485
Before You Install . . . ..................................................................................485
Backing up ..........................................................................................486
Checking the event logs ....................................................................486
Uncompressing data ..........................................................................486
Disconnecting UPS devices...............................................................486
Running Setup ..............................................................................................486
Adding Server Roles and Features ............................................................489
Chapter 2: Managing Windows Server 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493
Using the Administrator Account ..............................................................493
Using Remote Desktop Connection ...........................................................494
Enabling remote access ....................................................................494
Connecting remotely .........................................................................495
Using Microsoft Management Console .....................................................497
Working with MMC ............................................................................497
An overview of the MMC consoles ..................................................498
Customizing MMC ........................................................................................501
Adding snap-ins ..................................................................................501
Adding taskpads.................................................................................502
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Chapter 3: Dealing with Active Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .509
What Directories Do ....................................................................................509
Remembering the Good-Ol’ Days of NT Domains ....................................510
PDCs and BDCs...................................................................................510
Trusts ..................................................................................................511
NetBIOS names ...................................................................................511
Active Directory to the Rescue ..................................................................511
Understanding How Active Directory Is Structured ...............................512
Objects ................................................................................................512
Domains ..............................................................................................513
Organizational units ..........................................................................514
Trees ....................................................................................................514
Forests .................................................................................................515
Creating a Domain .......................................................................................516
Creating an Organizational Unit ................................................................516
Chapter 4: Managing Windows User Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .519
Understanding Windows User Accounts ..................................................519
Local accounts versus domain accounts ........................................519
User account properties ...................................................................520
Creating a New User ....................................................................................520
Setting User Properties ...............................................................................523
Changing the user’s contact information .......................................524
Setting account options ....................................................................524
Specifying logon hours ......................................................................525
Restricting access to certain computers ........................................526
Setting the user’s pro le information .............................................527
Resetting User Passwords ..........................................................................528
Disabling and Enabling User Accounts .....................................................529
Deleting a User .............................................................................................529
Working with Groups ..................................................................................530
Group types ........................................................................................530
Group scope .......................................................................................530
Default groups ....................................................................................531
Creating a group.................................................................................533
Adding a member to a group ............................................................534
User Pro les .................................................................................................535
Types of user pro les ........................................................................536
Creating a roaming pro le ................................................................536
Creating a Logon Script ..............................................................................538
Chapter 5: Managing a File Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .539
Understanding Permissions .......................................................................539
Understanding Shares .................................................................................541
Con guring the File Server Role ................................................................542
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Managing Your File Server .........................................................................542
Using the Provision a Shared Folder Wizard ..................................543
Sharing a folder without the wizard ................................................548
Granting permissions ........................................................................549
Chapter 6: Using Group Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .553
Understanding Group Policy ......................................................................553
Enabling Group Policy Management on Windows Server 2008 .............554
Creating Group Policy Objects ..................................................................555
Filtering Group Policy Objects ...................................................................560
Chapter 7: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .563
Working with the Event Viewer .................................................................563
Using the Event Viewer .....................................................................564
Setting event log policies ..................................................................565
Monitoring Performance .............................................................................566
Using the Reliability and Performance Monitor.............................567
Creating performance logs ...............................................................570
Using the Computer Management Console ..............................................572
Working with Services ................................................................................573
Chapter 8: Windows Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .575
Using a Command Window ........................................................................575
Opening and closing a command window ......................................576
Editing commands .............................................................................576
Using the Control menu ....................................................................577
Special Command Tricks ............................................................................577
Wildcards ............................................................................................578
Chaining commands ..........................................................................578
Redirection and piping ......................................................................579
Environment variables ......................................................................580
Batch les ...........................................................................................581
The EventCreate Command .......................................................................582
Net Commands .............................................................................................583
The Net Accounts command ............................................................584
The Net Computer command ...........................................................585
The Net Con g command .................................................................585
The Net Continue command .............................................................586
The Net File command ......................................................................586
The Net Group command .................................................................587
The Net Help command ....................................................................588
The Net Helpmsg command .............................................................589
The Net Localgroup command .........................................................589
The Net Name command ..................................................................591
The Net Pause command ..................................................................591
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The Net Print command ....................................................................592
The Net Send command ....................................................................593
The Net Session command ...............................................................594
The Net Share command...................................................................594
The Net Start command ....................................................................596
The Net Statistics command ............................................................596
The Net Stop command.....................................................................597
The Net Time command ....................................................................597
The Net Use command ......................................................................598
The Net User command ....................................................................599
The Net View command ....................................................................601
The RunAs Command .................................................................................602
Book VIII: Using Other Windows Servers ...........................603
Chapter 1: Using Internet Information System (IIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .605
Installing IIS ..................................................................................................605
Understanding the Default Web Site .........................................................608
Creating Web Sites ......................................................................................610
Chapter 2: Managing Exchange Server 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .615
Creating a Mailbox .......................................................................................615
Managing Mailboxes ....................................................................................621
Enabling Mailbox Features ...............................................................622
Creating a Forwarder .........................................................................623
Setting Mailbox Storage Limits.........................................................625
Con guring Outlook for Exchange ............................................................628
Viewing Another Mailbox ...........................................................................631
Chapter 3: Using SQL Server 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .635
What Is a Database? ....................................................................................635
What Is a Relational Database? ..................................................................636
What Is SQL? .................................................................................................637
SQL dialects ........................................................................................637
SQL statements ..................................................................................637
Using the select statement ...............................................................638
Installing SQL Server 2008 ..........................................................................639
Using the SQL Server 2008 Management Studio ......................................646
Creating a New Database ............................................................................647
Creating Tables ............................................................................................648
Editing Tables ..............................................................................................651
Working with Queries .................................................................................652
Working with Scripts ...................................................................................653
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Chapter 4: Using SharePoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655
What Is SharePoint? ....................................................................................655
Connecting to a SharePoint Site ................................................................656
Adding Users ................................................................................................657
Adding and Removing Announcements ....................................................661
Creating New Pages .....................................................................................663
Editing the Quick Launch Menu .................................................................666
Working with Document Libraries ............................................................667
Book IX: Managing Linux Systems ....................................669
Chapter 1: Installing a Linux Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .671
Planning a Linux Server Installation ..........................................................671
Checking system requirements........................................................671
Choosing a distribution.....................................................................672
Thinking about multiboot .................................................................673
Planning your partitions ...................................................................673
Deciding on your TCP/IP con guration ..........................................674
Installing Fedora 7 .......................................................................................675
Using the Setup Agent ......................................................................................... 683
Chapter 2: Getting Used to Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .685
Linux: It Isn’t Windows ................................................................................685
X Window ............................................................................................685
Virtual consoles .................................................................................686
Understanding the le system .........................................................686
On Again, Off Again .....................................................................................688
Logging on...........................................................................................688
Logging off ..........................................................................................689
Shutting down ....................................................................................689
Using GNOME ...............................................................................................689
Getting to a Command Shell .......................................................................690
Managing User Accounts ............................................................................691
Chapter 3: Basic Linux Network Confi guration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693
Using the Network Con guration Program ..............................................693
Restarting Your Network ............................................................................697
Working with Network Con guration Files ..............................................698
The Network le .................................................................................699
The ifcfg les ......................................................................................700
The Hosts le ......................................................................................701
The resolv.conf le ............................................................................702
The nsswitch.conf le .......................................................................702
The xinetd.conf le ............................................................................703
Displaying Your Network Con guration with the ifcon g Command ...704
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