Стюарт Вильям Работа с образами и символами в психологическом консультировании

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

<bevyf Wlhqm^_kghQlh]h\hjblem]"



Wg^b Hg ]h\hjbl qlh ^jm]b_ ex^b g_ fh]ml jZajmrblv _]h

Hg]h\hjblqlhfukgbfk\yaZgub lhevdhyfh]mjZajmrblv_]hGh

_kebywlhk^_eZxlh[m^mjZajmrZlvkZfh]hk_[y

Wg^bih^gyeky b \u]ey^gme\hdgh hq_\b^gh[hj ykv k dZdhc

lh]em[hdhcwfhpb_cWlh[uekbevguck_Zgk^eygZkh[hbo

GZiylhfk_Zgk_

Wg^b Y[u ohl_e ih]h\hjblv h ijhrehc g_^_e_ _keb wlh

ghjfZevgh Ymr_e k hq_gv keh`gufb qm\kl\Zfb qZklv f_gy ih

ij_`g_fmohl_eZieZdZlv_s_h^gZqZklv qm\kl\h\ZeZk_[ygZ\ukhl_

Z_s_h^gZ\k_\j_fy]h\hjbeZDmqZ]emih]h\a^hjZ

<bevyf Wlh g_kdhevdh k[b\Z_l k lhedm DhlhjZy qZklv

ih[_^beZ"Wg^b Ke_auDh]^Zy \hr_e\k\hxdhfgZlmhgbihl_deb

Y ohl_e ieZdZlv a^_kv agZ_l_ dh]^Z ih^hr_e dhdgm gh g_ kfh]

Ba\bgbl_

<bevyf Y ^h]Z^u\Zxkv qlh _keb[u\u aZieZdZebfh]eh [u

ihdZaZlvkyqlh\umklmiZ_l_Z bf_gghk wlbf\umkbe_gghiulZ_l_kv

bf_lv^_eh

Wg^b <_jgh Y ieZdZe hq_gv e_]dh b^\Z fhbo [jZlZ \k_]^Z

jm]Zebf_gybaaZwlh]h<bevyf DZd"

Wg^b H\ug_aZohlbl_wlhkemrZlv

<bevyf ?keb \j_fy hl \j_f_gb ijhbaghkblv mkljZrZxsb_

keh\ZwlhqZklhihfh]Z_lm^Zeblvbagbo`ZehIhijh[m_f"

Wg^b OhjhrhIeZdkZfZf_gvdbgkughd^_\qhgdZg_`_gdZ

Wlbkeh\ZaZklZ\eyebf_gy_s_[hevr_ieZdZlv

<bevyf Ihoh`_qlhklj_euhklZ\beb\\Zkk\hbam[pu^hkbo

ihj <u fh`_l_ ijhklh ihkfhlj_lv gZ wlh AZdjhcl_ ]eZaZ b

ij_^klZ\vl_k_[_qlh\\Zkklj_eyxl

Wg^b Y\b`mh^gmklj_emijbde__ggmx\hla^_kvgZe[mWlh

g_aZam[j_ggZyklj_eZZ klj_eZk ijbkhkdZfbk dhlhjufbfu[u\Zeh

b]jZeb

<bevyf AgZqbl hgZ lZf ^Z\gh" Wg^b =h^u DZd hl g__

ba[Z\blvky"

<bevyf Wg^b Ij_^klZ\vl_ k_[_ dh]hlh ijboh^ys_]h d\Zf

gZihfhsvWlhlq_eh\_dg_k_l[mluedmfZkeZb g_`ghkfZau\Z_l\Zr

eh[ fZkehf ijbkhkdZ f_^e_ggh gZqbgZ_l mf_gvrZlvky <u

qm\kl\m_l_dZd ih^mr_qdZijbkhkdbkdhevabl dh]^Z fZkehihiZ^Z_l

ih^g__Q_eh\_d[_j_lkyaZklj_eme_]dhlyg_lk_hgZhlebiZ_lHg

hl^Z_l\Zfklj_emb g_`ghlj_liylghihdZ[hevg_ijhoh^bl



D dhigm k_ZgkZ gZijZ\e_ggh]h \hh[jZ`_gby Wg^b aZieZdZe

Ke_auqZklhkhijh\h`^Zxlbkp_e_gb_

Wg^b <bevyf agZ_l_ y ^_ckl\bl_evgh qm\kl\h\Ze wlh Wlh

[ueh qm^_kgh <u g_ [m^_l_ kf_ylvky" Lhl q_eh\_d ² wlh [ue gZr

k\ys_ggbd Y dZlhebd ijZ\^Z g_ hq_gv j_eb]bhaguc gh y[u\Ze \

p_jd\b i_j_^ ZelZj_f K\ys_ggbd \aye k\ylh_ fZkeh \hl qlh wlh

[ueh

<bevyf Wg^b^Zcl_fg_^h]Z^Zlvkyl_i_jv\uqm\kl\m_l_ lm

qZklvbkp_e_gghc;hevijhreZ"

Wg^b G_ijhreZghklZehgZfgh]hemqr_Y^mfZeh jZ[hl_k

h[jZaZfb HgZ fg_ gjZ\blky by aZibkZeky gZ dmjk f_^blZpbb

>mfZx wlh ihfh`_l fg_ \hclb \h \gmlj_ggbc fbj h dhlhjhf \u

]h\hjbl_ Y ^_ckl\bl_evgh j_rbe gZqZlv [jZlv mijZ\e_gb_ \k\hb

jmdbbg_\bgblv^jm]boaZlhqlhy lZdhcdZdhc_klv

<bevyf Wlh a\mqbl ij_djZkgh Wg^b L_i_jv \_jg_fky d

\Zr_fmem]mQm\kl\m_l_qlh\ukfhljbl_gZg_]hkgh\Z"

Wg^b Dhg_qghY kfhljxgZohefK_cqZky\b`mqlhgZ_]h

\_jrbg_ ^_j_\h gh y ih dbgm ohef =ey^y gZijZ\h y\b`m [hevrh_

hldjulh_ijhkljZgkl\h

<bevyf H q_fhghgZihfbgZ_l \Zf"

Wg^b AZ[Z\ghgh hgh gZihfbgZ_lhlhf dZd fgh]h e_l lhfm

gZaZ^y aZ[em^bekygZ\_j_kdh\uoimklhrZoFg_[uehe_l^_kylvY

ihemqbegZ]hgycdh]^ZhgbgZrebf_gy

<rvyf AgZqbl wlh hldjulh_ ijhkljZgkl\h fh`_l [ulv l_f

q_fgZ^haZgylvky²qm\kl\hf\heg_gbykf_rZggufkhkljZohf

Wg^b Wlhhq_gvf_ldh gh ^mfZxy[m^m ijh^he`Zlv^_eZlv

lh `_ kZfh_ Yb^m g_^Ze_dh gh qlh f_gy ihjZ`Z_l lZd wlh

h^bghq_kl\h by qm\kl\mx k_[y dZdbflh jZahqZjh\Zgguf ohly \k_

\u]ey^bllZdbfijb\e_dZl_evguf

<bevyf Fh]eb [u \u k\yaZlv kdZaZggh_ k wlbf gh\uf

qm\kl\hfhldjulh]hijhkljZgkl\Z"<hh[jZabl_qlh\ukgh\Zj_[_ghd

dhlhjucijhklhhlijZ\bekyqlhlhbkke_^h\Zlv

Wg^b Y bkim]ZgY ohqmqlh[ufhbljb[jZlZihrebkhfghc

ghhgbm [_`Zeb\i_j_^aZklZ\eyyf_gy^h]hgylvbo

<bevyf DZd\uqm\kl\m_l_k_[yijbwlhf"

Wg^b DZdijboe_[Zl_evb gZ^h_^eb\ucq_eh\_d

<bevyf >eygbo \u²]heh\gZy[hevIhq_fm[u\Zfg_\aylv

mijZ\e_gb_kblmZpb_c\k\hbjmdbk_cqZk\aylvgZk_[ybgbpbZlb\mb

qlhgb[m^vh[gZjm`blv"



Wg^b <_jghY gZoh`m]jmah\bdgZiheh\bgmihohjhg_gguc\

a_fe_Hgdj_idbcb ijhqgucb_]hg_e_]dh[m^_ljZah[jZlv

<bevyf :qlh\Zrb[jZlvy"

Wg^b FZjlbg ² ghjfZevgh AZ[Z\gh ² ]h\hjbl hg ² y

\k_]^ZagZeqlhlu_]hgZc^_rv>\Z^jm]bo[jZlZaZ\b^mxlihlhfm

qlhem]fhcZmgbog_llh]hqlh_klvmf_gy

<bevyf Wlh ^h\hevgh \Z`gh Fh`_l [ulv fu h[Z kfh`_f

ih^mfZlvh[wlhfij_`^_q_f\klj_lbfky\ke_^mxsbcjZaghk_cqZk

ihjZ hklZ\blv em] b \_jgmlvky \ wlm dhfgZlm < \Zr_ kh[kl\_ggh_

\j_fy

Dhff_gl Zjbc

Dh]^ZWg^bgZoh^bekygZihe_k dmdmjmahc b ]h\hjbedZd hg

ij_g_[j_]Z_lbfwlhkem`behhebp_l\hj_gb_f_]h\gmlj_gg_]hfbjZ

\hafh`gh _]h \hh[jZ`_gby \hafh`gh _]h `_gkdh]h gZqZeZ

DmdmjmaZ hebp_l\hjy_l h[_sZgb_ ieh^hjh^by b k\yaZgZ k >_f_ljhc

P_j_jhb [h]bg_c mjh`Zy Y h[km`^Ze kWg^b \_jhylghklv lh]h

nZdlZ qlh lh q_f hg ij_g_[j_]Ze y\eyehkv nmgdpb_c ijZ\h]h

ihemrZjby_]hfha]ZY ij_^eh`be_fmdhjhldh_h[tykg_gb_nmgdpbb

ijZ\h]h b e_\h]h ihemrZjbc b lh]h dZd fgh]b_ ba gZk m^_eyxl

[hevrh_ \gbfZgb_ jZa\blbx nmgdpbc e_\h]h ihemrZjby b

ij_g_[j_]Zxl nmgdpbyfb ijZ\h]h ihemrZjby Y ij_^iheh`be qlh

_]h e_\h_ ihemrZjb_ [ueh qZklvx ij_^mij_`^Z\r_c h[

hklhjh`ghklb dh]^Z hg hlijZ\eyeky kebrdhf ^Ze_dh \ dhjg_\mx

kbkl_fm [hykv ijb wlhf aZ[em^blvky E_\h_ ih emrZjb_ klj_fblky

dhgljhebjh\ZlvkblmZpbx

Y lZd`_ ]h\hjbe h ikbobd_ klj_fys_cky d bgl_]jZpbb b

p_ehklghklb b kdZaZe Wg^b qlh _]h iml_r_kl\b_ fh`_l [ulv \jk

f_gZfb g_dhfnhjlguf b^Z`_ [he_ag_gguf gh ikbobdZ

%&&

 [m^_l

jZ[hlZlv gZ dhg_qgh_ [eZ]h Wlh m[_^beh _]h \lhf qlh fh`_l

gZmqblvky^h\_jylvwlhcqZklbkZfh]hk_[y

Ihe_agh [ueh aZ\_jrblv k_Zgk hiylv gZ em ]m  hkh[_ggh dk

^bkdmkkbym\_eZdeb_glZhllm^ZOhlygbdZdh]h[hevrh]h\j_^

ijhbahc^_l hl lh]h qlh k_Zgk aZ\_jrblvky lZf b lh]^Z gh

g_fgh`dh ihoh`_ gZ dgb]m hklZ\e_ggmx hldjulhc \kydh_ fh

kemqblvky Y lZd`_ ^mfZx qlh \ha\jZs_gb_ gZ em] \k_ `_ ^Zk L

deb_glm\hafh`ghklvkjZ\gblv^hbihke_



Hiul Wg^b kh k\yluf fZkehf [ue h^gbf ba l_o j_^dbo

fhf_glh\ijhju\Z\ [_kkhagZl_evgh_deb_glZhldhlhjuor_\_eylky

ihehku gZ ]heh\_ Yg_ bf_e ihgylby hlhf qlh Wg^b dZlhebd gh

dh]^Z hg m\b^_e klj_em ijbde__ggmx dh e[m i_j_^h fghc \hagbd

f]gh\_gguc h[jZa k\ys_ggbdZ ihfZau\Zxs_]h eh[ fZklhf G_

`_eZy gZijZ\eylv \hh[jZ`_gb_ hklZ\eyy h[jZa k\ys_ggbdZ y

hklZ\be\u[hjq_eh\_dZhldjuluf^eyg_]hkZfh]h<u[hjfZkeZ

bf__l hq_\b^gmx k\yav k bkp_e_gb_f Bgh]^Z y ih[m`^Zx

ij_^klZ\blv k_[_ l_ieh_ fZkeh g_`gh evxs__ky gZ f_klh dhlhjh_

[hebl

Ijb gh\hf \oh`^_gbb gZ em] gZ iylhf k_Zgk_ b j_r_gbb

bkke_^h\Zlv[hevrh_hldjulh_ijhkljZgkl\hy ij_j\Ze_]h\hijhkhf

Qlh wlh \Zf gZihfbgZ_l" Y k^_eZe wlh qlh[u \\_klb

ij_^hk]_j_]Zxsbc agZd \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb g_ ijhbaghky

Hklhjh`gh Rbjhdh_ hldjulh_ ijhkljZgkl\h fh`_l hdZaZlvky

im]Zxsbfdh]^Zbkq_aZxlhjb_glbjuWlhhdZaZehkvieh^hl\hjguf

ihlhfmqlh Wg^b mklZgh\bek\yavk aZ[uluf\hkihfbgZgb_fG_\k_

hldjulu_ ijhkljZgkl\Z im]Zxsb hgb fh]ml kbf\hebabjh\Zlv

jZkrbj_gb_]hjbahglh\Zwlh\hegmxs_b ihegh\ hafh`ghkl_c

Y ihijhkbeWg^bqlhgb[m^vgZclbY k^_eZewlhihlhfmqlh

ih^mfZewlh ml\_j`^Z_l _]h iheh`_gb_ ^Z_l _fm dZdhclh dZiblZe

gZ]jZ^maZlhqlhhg\ayebgbpbZlb\m\k\hbjmdbLhqlhhggZr_e

]jmah\bdaZkem`b\Z_lhkh[hcbgl_jij_lZpbbLjZgkihjlgh_kj_^kl\h

hebp_l\hjy_l ^\b`_gb_ dhe_kZ b wg_j]bx fhlhj =jmah\bd lZd`_

hebp_l\hjy_l g_qlh ijZdlbq_kdh_ ihe_agh_ GZiheh\bgm

ihohjhg_gguc ]jmah\bd hagZqZ_l qlhlh g_ iheghklvx kijylZggh_

`^ms__ qlh _]h h[gZjm`Zl Fu kWg^b h[km^beb wlh gZ _]h

ihke_^g_fk_Zgk_b ih^mfZebqlhhgh[gZjm`beg_qlh^jZ]hp_ggh_h

kZfhfk_[_gZiheh\bgmkijylZggh_\ ih^khagZl_evghf

>_eh h[klhyeh lZd ]jmah\bd gbdm^Z g_ _oZe _]h gZ^h [ueh

\udhiZlvb dh]^Z_]h\udhiZebhdZaZehkvqlhhg^h\hevghdj_idbc

Wg^b h[gZjm`be qlh bf__l gZfgh]h [hevr_ k\h_]h q_f

ij_^klZ\eyebk_[__]h^\h_[jZlv_\Hg h[eZ^Ze q_flh q_]h hgb g_

bf_ebb wlh^Zeh_fmg_qlhq_ffh`gh[ueh]hj^blvky

Wg^b gbdh]^Z g_ hsmsZe ihlj_[ghklb \_jgmlvky ^ey

^Zevg_cr_]hdhgkmevlbjh\ZgbyhgohjhrhkijZ\bekyk \uimkdgufb

wdaZf_gZfbb ij bgyegZagZq_gb_\ hl^_e_gb_i_^bZljbb

LJ?CKBBgl_]jZpbyb \hajh`^_gb_

F_gy ah\ml Lj_ckb b\ lh \j_fy dh]^Z y gZqZeZ

dhgkmevlbjh\Zgb_y jZ[hlZeZ\ qZklghcikbobZljbq_kdhc[hevgbp_\

O_firbj_ Fu k <bevyfhf ihagZdhfbebkv ]h^Z ljb gZaZ^ dh]^Z y

ihk_sZeZ h^bg ba _]h k_fbgZjh\ ih dhgkmevlbjh\Zgbx Y[ueZ

deb_gldhc ^ey <bevyfZ dhlhjuc ^_fhgkljbjh\Ze

dhgkmevlbjh\Zgb_\ ]jmii_Ijh[e_fZdhlhjmxy ij_^klZ\eyeZ[ueZ

j_Zevghc b hiul <bevyfZ ijhba\_e gZ f_gy lZdh_ \i_qZle_gb_ qlh

l_i_jv yagZeZ d dhfm h[jZsZlvky dh]^Z fhy `bagv gZqZeZ

i_j_\hjZqb\Zlvky\\_jo^ghf

< l_q_gb_ g_dhlhjh]h \j_f_gb y hsmsZeZ gZ k_[_ h]jhfgh_

^Z\e_gb_ fgh]h ieZdZeZ bkiulu\ZeZ lhrghlm mf_gy ihy\bebkv

iylgZgZ ebp_ b jZ[hlZ ihl_jyeZ ^eyf_gy k\hxijb\e_dZl_evghklv

Fuk <bevyfhfhij_^_ebebhkgh\gu_ljm^ghklb

Fg_ke_^h\Zehijhclbdmjk^eyihemq_gbykl_i_gb

 <uihegylv jZ[hlm ij_^ty\eyxsmx hij_^_e_ggu_

lj_[h\Zgby

KemrZlv^jm]boex^_c

Fhcfm`O_cfbrkljhbl_evgucih^jy^qbd

O_cfbr iheghklvx ih^^_j`b\Ze f_gy \fh_c jZ[hl_ b

h[mq_gbbbhg\iheg_ykgh ^ZeihgylvqlhhldZau\Z_lkyf_gylvbaaZ

wlh]h k\hx `bagv < j_amevlZl_ m f_gy \hagbdeh qm\kl\h

h[j_f_g_gghklb b gZijy`_gby O_cfbr ohl_e m\_ebqblv gZrm

k_fvxY kdhevdh\hafh`ghhldeZ^u\ZeZ\uiheg_gb_wlh]hj_r_gby

\fukebh jh`^_gbbj_[_gdZ[vuhg_qlhk q_fyg_fh]eZkijZ\blvky

< dhgp_dhgph\y kh]eZkbeZkvgZqZlv\ [m^ms_f]h^mwlh[ue

]

Ih\lhjyxs_ckyl_fhcgZgZqZevguowlZiZodhgkmevlbjh\Zgby

klZeZfhyij_^u^msZy[hevgbpZZ lZd`_k\yaZggu_kg_cqm\kl\Z



g_Z^_d\ZlghklbY jZ[hlZeZk h[jZaZfb\h\j_fy^_fhgkljZpbb

dhgkmevlbjh\ZgbybgZreZwlhihe_aguf

<bevyf <u fh`_l_ ij_^klZ\blv k_[_ dZd \u]ey^bl

g_Z^_d\Zlghklv"

Lj_ckb DZjlbgZ\hagbdZ_lf_^e_gghwlhdZgvhg<bevyf Wlh

gZ\_jgh_kljZrghgh\ufh`_l_aZ]eygmlv\ dZgvhg"

Lj_ckb Y kfhljx\ g_]hb\uijZ\u²wlhkljZrghbwlhlh

q_]h yg_ ohqm ^_eZlv >Ze_dh kijZ\Z hl f_gy gZoh^blky dZgvhg

Z[khexlgh [_a \kydhc i_j_ijZ\v@ q_j_a g_]h bhg lh`_ im]Zxs_

]em[hdbc g_jh\guc b g_\_jhylgh \ukhdbc ^ey lh]h qlh[u

ihijh[h\Zlv\ g_]h\hclb

<bevyf AgZqbl bf_ggh \wlhl fhf_gl \u qm\kl\m_l_ k_[y

haZ^Zq_gghcg_\b^bl_\uoh^Zb gbqlhg_fh`_l\Zfihfhqv"

Lj_ckb Wlhihegh_kfyl_gb_kf_rZggh_k h]jhfguf kljZohf

<bevyf <u kihkh[gu ihkfhlj_lv gZ kfyl_gb_" Lj_ckb Ihy\beZkv

hq_gvfZe_gvdZynb]mjdZ[_ah[jZagZyb [_knhjf_ggZyHgZ\gmrZ_l

fg_hl\jZs_gb_bhgZg_mc^_l<bevyf Qlh\u^mfZ_l_hlhfqlh[u

ih^jm`blvkykg_c"Lj_ckb HgZgZqbgZ_ljZklbZ l_i_jvklZgh\blky

f_gvr_Wlh^_ckl\bl_evghkljZggh

<bevyf Qlh\uohlbl_^_eZlvkg_c"

Lj_ckb <k_ qlh y ohqm ² aZklZ\blv __ \u]ey^_lv

ohjhr_gvdhcb fbeh\b^ghc[ulvijbylghc

Kd\hav ke_au y kdZaZeZ <bevyfm G_ fh]m k^_eZlv \k_ wlh

kjZamGhy\k_lZdbk^_eZxwlhIjbf_jghd h^bggZ^pZlhfmk_Zgkm

^_\hqdZ[ueZm`_g_lZdhc[_ah[jZaghcb gjZ\beZkvfg_[hevr_Wlh

[uei_j\ucjZadh]^Zy ij bagZeZqlhmf_gy gbadZykZfhhp_gdZ b

dhg_qgh \ i_j\uc jZa y \ujZabeZ wlh \ dZjlbg_ YmreZ k wlh]h

k_ZgkZqm\kl\myk_[ykeZ[hch^gZdhkljZggufh[jZahfkbevg__Fu

ijh^he`ZebjZ[hlmk h[jZaZfbbgZke_^mxs_fk_Zgk_

DZgvhg hebp_l\hjye h iul fh_c ihke_^g_c jZ[hlu Lhevdh

dh]^Z fu ihkfhlj_eb gZ g_]h lZdbf h[jZahf f_gy dZd [u m^Zjbeh

ihegh_ \ha^_ckl\b_ l_o q_luj_o e_l D wlhfm \j_f_gb y ijbreZ d

ijbagZgbx lh]h qlh fhy kZfhhp_gdZ gZoh^blky gZ dZf_gbklhf ^g_

wlhdZfgbgZ^g_dZgvhgZYg_fh]eZijbgylvgbq_]hohjhr_]h\ k_[_

kZfhcg_kfy]qZybebg_mf_gvrZy=h^Zfby jhkeZij_bk



iheg_ggZym`Zkgufqm\kl\hfb \_jhcqlhklhxg_fgh]h<hl

ihq_fm y iha\heyeZ ex^yf oh^blv ih fg_ Y^Z\ZeZ bf k^Zqb ² \

]g_\_k Z]j_kkb_cL_i_jvy gZqZeZijbfbjylvkyk nZdlhfqlhbf_x

ijZ\h[ulvkZfZkh[hcijZ\h[ulv`b\hc

Fu ^h]h\hjbebkv k <bevyfhf gZ \hk_fv k_Zgkh\ lZd qlh fu

ijh\_ebg_dhlhjh_\j_fyjZkkfZljb\Zyhldm^ZgZqZebAZ^\Zf_kypZ

y ijbreZd j_r_gbxAZjh^urb^_bjZa\b\Zekykl_oihjdZdy klZeZ

ihk_sZlv k_fbgZj ih dhgkmevlbjh\Zgbx Y[m^m mqblvky gZ

ikbohl_jZi_\lZdh]^Zihemqmk\hxkl_i_gv<bevyfihhsjyef_gyb

kijhkbe qlh y ohqm ^_eZlv k gZrbfb hlghr_gbyfb Ohly

ikbohl_jZiby b y\eyeZkv fh_c ^he]hkjhqghc p_evx yagZeZ qlh

ke_^m_l^hklbqvfgh]h]h\ bkp_e_gbbij_`^_q_fyfh]m^Z`_^mfZlv

h ke_^h\ZgbbihwlhfmimlbIhwlhfm fuk <bevyfhf^h]h\hjbebkvh

gh\hf k hldjuluf hdhgqZgb_f dhgljZdl_ ih  ebqghc l_jZibb

dhlhjuc^he`_g [ue ijh^he`Zlvky \dexqZy \ k_[y \\h^gu_ \hk_fv

k_Zgkh\dZdlj_oe_lgb_hlghr_gby?keb [uyagZeZ qlh `^_l f_gy

\i_j_^bfh`_l[ulvybkim]Z\rbkvbg_j_rbeZkv[ugZwlh

Ke_^mxsbc wlZi l_jZibb gZqZeky \lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z fu k

O_cfbr_f\_jgmebkvba f_kyqgh]h hlimkdZ gZ ;Z]ZfZoYg_ ohl_eZ

\ha\jZsZlvkydh\k_fijh[e_fZf;Z]Zfua\Zebf_gyh[jZlghihlhfm

qlh y \ex[beZkv \ djZkb\h]h ^h\hevgh khklhyl_evgh]h [Z]ZfpZ

>`hgZg_fgh]hfheh`_f_gy?keb[uij_^klZ\beZkv\hafh`ghklvy

hl^ZeZkv [u _fm Fhb qm\kl\Z ijhlb\hklhyeb fg_ gZklhevdh

^jZfZlbqgh qlhfg_[ueh[hevghijbagZlvky<bevyfmqlhl_i_jvy

g_m\_j_gZqlhex[exO_cfbrZFhbqm\kl\Z[ueb\ [_kihjy^d_y

g_ agZeZ ohqm eb y qlh[u gZr [jZd ijh^he`Zeky O_cfbr g_ agZe

\k_]h gh ih^haj_\Ze qlhlh ijhbkoh^bl Y ijhklh kdZaZeZ _fm qlh

ohqm\_jgmlvkygZ;Z]Zfub jZ[hlZlvlZfY kh]eZkbeZkvk <bevyfhf

g_ ijbgbfZlv gbdZdh]h j_r_gby \ l_q_gb_ f_kypZ ohly fh_ k_j^p_

ijhgabl_evghdjbqZehb lj_[h\Zehk_klv\ [eb`ZcrbckZfhe_lOhly

y ]h\hjbeZk <bevyfhfh O_cfbr_jZgvr_wlh[uei_j\ucjZadh]^Z

y ijbagZeZlhlnZdlqlh\ gZr_f[jZd__klvijh[e_fu;he__lh]hy

^he`gZ[ueZk^_eZlv\u[hj

GZljbgZ^pZlhfk_Zgk_yaZy\beZFuk O_cfbr_f\f_kl_mo_

iylgZ^pZlv e_l Zhg \k_ lZdhc `_ dZdbf [ue \gZqZe_ Hg qZ_l_

mgb`Z_lf_gygbdh]^Zg_m^_ey_lfg_\gbfZgbyy [hevr_gkex[ex

_]h Dh]^Z fu ]h\hjbeb y ijbagZeZ qlh bgpb^_gl k >`hghf [ue

lhevdhkimkdh\ufdjxqdhfd njmkljZpbbg_]h^h\Z



gbx b ihl_j_ O_cfbr g_ fgh]h k^_eZe ^ey lh]h qlh[u

ijb^Zlvfg_m\_j_gghklbb ih\ukblvfhxkZfhhp_gdmHghklZ\Zeky

aZ\bkbfuf hl f_gy Zy wlh]h [hevr_ g_ ohl_eZ Y [hevr_ g_ [ueZ

m\_j_gZqlhohqmmk_j^ghjZ[hlZlvbkgh\Zijb\_klb\k_\ ihjy^hd

<bevyf kijhkbe ^mfZx eb y qlh fh]m kdZaZlvO_cfbrm qlh

gZr[jZdgZf_ebGhy^mfZeZqlh^Z`_b wlh]hgkfh]mk^_eZlvY

gbdh]^Z g_ [ueZ iheghklvx jZpbhgZevguf q_eh\_dhf gh l_i_jv

\hh[s_\k_jZpbhgZevgh_b eh]bqgh_ih dbgmehf_gybyqm\kl\h\ZeZ

k_[y haZ^Zq_gghc kfms_gghc b g_m\_j_gghc Yg_ bf_eZ

ij_^klZ\e_gbyihdZdhfmimlbb^lb?keb[ulhevdh<bevyffh]^Zlv

fg_dZdh_lhgZijZ\e_gb_kdZaZlvfg_qlh^_eZlv

QZklvf_gyohl_eZ\ukdZaZlvO_cfbrmfhbqm\kl\Z\hafh`gh

fh_ k_j^p_ _s_ h^gZ qZklv ]heh\Z jZkkfZljb\ZeZ \k_ \hafh`gu_

ihke_^kl\by wlh]h ihklmidZ ?s_ h^gZ [he__ w]hbklbqgZy ijbqbgZ

khklhyeZ\lhfqlh yg_ohl_eZdZdboeb[hh]hjq_gbc^hwdaZf_gZgh

g_ [ueZ m\_j_gZ kfh]m eb ^_j`Zlv \ k_[_ wlb khfg_gby <bevyf

ihfh]Ze fg_ knhdmkbjh\Zlvfhb qm\kl\Z <u g_ fh`_l_ kfhlj_lv \

[m^ms__[_ag_]hh^gZdh\ug_fh`_l_kfhlj_lv\ [m^ms__bkgbf

< h[jZaZoy\b^_eZk_[yhq_gv\ukhdhgZfgh]h\ur_q_f\ kZfhe_l_

b fh]eZ gZ[ex^Zlv ]hjbahgl kh\_jr_gguc ohly b ^Ze_dbc Wlh

^Z\Zehfg_gZ^_`^mqlhfukO_cfbr_f\oh^bf\gh\mxnZamgZrbo

hlghr_gbc

Y\k_ `_ ihiulZeZkv ih]h\hjblv k O_cfbr_f hgZrbo

hlghr_gbyoghhgg_kmf_em\b^_lvqlhkgbfbqlhlhg_lZdY\k_

lZdhc `_ Wlh lu baf_gbeZkv Wlh [ueZ ijZ\^Z Y baf_gbeZkv b

ijh^he`ZeZ f_gylvky Y agZeZ qlh _keb hg g_ [m^_l beb g_ kfh`_l

f_gylvky\ dhgp_dhgph\gZr[jZd^Zkllj_sbgmH^gZdhyagZeZqlh

bf_ggh<bevyfk^_eZef_gykihkh[ghcbaf_gblvkylZd`_by^he`gZ

[ueZ k^_eZlv wlh ^ey O_cfbrZ <bevyf ihklZ\be f_gy gZ f_klh

kbevguf\uah\hf?keb\Zrfm`[uelZdbfihdZ\u `beb \f_kl_

lhihq_fm\u\urebaZfm`"Wlh[ue\hijhkgZdhlhjucyg_ohl_eZ

hl\_qZlvWlh[uehm^h[ghFuihemqbeb[he__^_r_\mxaZdeZ^gmx

Kh\_lZ G_h[oh^bfhklv kdZaZlv wlh aZklZ\beZ f_gy kt_`blvky

>_ckl\bl_evghebwlh[ueh\k_qlhgZr[jZdhagZqZe^eyf_gy"

Ijbf_jghq_j_af_kypihke_\ha\jZs_gbyk ;Z]Zfdh]^Zy\k_

_s_ ]h\hjbeZ h >`hg_ <bevyf kdZaZe DZ`_lky qlh wfhpbhgZevgh

\u m`_ jZa\_ebkv k O_cfbr_f Kh]eZkblvky k wlbf ml\_j`^_gb_f

[ueh[ukebrdhfm]jh`Zxsbfb ohlywlh[ueh[ebadhd bklbg_yg_

fh]eZgZwlhj_rblvkyY aZf_gbeZkeh\hjZa\_ebkv



gZ jZat_oZebkv Ijhklh_ ijbagZgb_ wlh]h nZdlZ kljZgguf

h[jZahfihfh]ehIhlhfmqlh k kZfh]hgZqZeZy ihqm\kl\h\ZeZ]g_\

gZijZ\e_ggucgZ>`hgZZ lZd`_gZkZfmk_[yFZehihfZemy klZeZ

ihgbfZlv kl_i_gv hl\_lkl\_gghklb aZ lh qlh kemqbehkv beb g_

kemqbehkv Y iulZeZkv m[_^blv k_[y qlh g_\bggZ Y ijh[b\ZeZkv d

g_hohlghfmijbgylbxijZ\^u

GZ g_dhlhjhf wlZi_ gZr_]h dhgkmevlbjh\Zgby y kijhkbeZ <]

evyfZ Y dh]^Zgb[m^v ^hklb]gm kZfhihagZgby" Y ohl_eZ qlk hg

hl\_lbe Dhg_qgh ^Z Gh hg ijhklh ijhbag_k KZfhiha gb_

ih^h[ghiml_r_kl\bxkhfgh]bfbijb\ZeZfbH]eygbl_kihkfhljbl_

gZjZagu_ijb\ZeugZdhlhjuo\uhklZgZ\eb\Zeb LimlbgZhldjulby

dhlhju_ lygmeb \Zk LLLL



A L LPY?I o ohlbl_ eb \u

ijh^he`Zlv

Y ijhoh^beZdhgkmevlbjk

-WNA ERªA,,ªI?A YLLLAOOWLALABL!  L

dj_ie_ggh]h O_cfbr_f Ihq_fm y k^_eZeZ wlh" ?s_ h^gh [h

g_ggh_ ^hims_gb_ qlh[u ^h[blvky jZkiheh`_gby O_cfbrZ 

m^b\bl_evgh qlh fhy fZe_gvdZy ^_\hqdZ qm\kl\h\ZeZ k_[y



[_ah[jZaghc b g_agZqbl_evghc bqlh y lZd qZklh iha\heyeZ ;HL rm

mgb`Zlv f_gy i_j_^ ^jm]bfb ex^vfb Y[ueZ kihkh[gZ ] jblv h[

wlhfkO_cfbr_fkihdhcghb jZamfghbohly_fmlj?[ueh ijbgylv

wlh hg ^_ckl\bl_evgh ihiulZeky \a]eygmlv gZ wLX fh_c lhqdb

aj_gby

Fhb hlghr_gby k jh^bl_eyfb [hevrmx qZklv \j_f_gb [ue]

g_e_]dbfb FZlv [ueZ hq_gv \aukdZl_evguf b djblbq_kdbf

q_eh\_dhf²dZq_kl\Zdhlhju_ylZdmkbe_gghklj_fexkvij_h^he_lv



\ k_[_Fuk O_cfbr_fkhrebkv[eb`_q_j_adjbabkIhqlblh

`_ kZfh_ ijhbahreh bm f_gy k fZl_jvx Hlpm m^Zebeb

ih^hajbl_evgmx himohev dbr_qgbdZ FZlv lh]^Z gm`^ZeZkv \fh_c

ih^^_j`d_ b gZ\_jgh_ \ i_j\uc jZa aZ]h\hjbeZ kh fghc dZd k

`_gsbghcZg_dZdkhk\hbfj_[_gdhf

AgZqbl_evguc mki_o [ue ^hklb]gml ihke_ ^_\ylb f_kyp_\

dhgkmevlbjh\ZgbyY ohl_eZih_oZlv\hlimkd\BlZebxk ih^jm]hcba

dhee_^`Z Fu k O_cfbr_f \k_]^Z _a^beb \f_kl_ by h[km^beZ k

<bevyfhf dZd \ueh`blv wlh O_cfbrm <bevyf kdZaZe <Zf qlh

g_h[oh^bfh jZaj_r_gb_ O_cfbrZ" Bf_ggh keh\h jZaj_r_gb_

m`Zebehf_gyDhg_qghfg_g_gm`ghjZaj_r_gby²gZ[jhkbeZkv

ygZ g_]h gh ihlhf ihgyeZ qlh bf_ggh lZd b[ueh Lh _klv [ueh

g_qlh qlh y ^he`gZ [ueZ ijh[blv ij_`^_ q_f ^Z`_ mihfygmlv h

ih_a^d_Y kdZaZeZwlh_fmg_ba\bgyxsbfkylhghfg_Z]j_kkb\ghgh

k m[_`^_gghklvxqlhijbgbfZx\ jZkq_l_]hqm\kl\Zghwlhlhqlhy

ohqm^eyk_[yD fh_fmm^b\e_gbxhgkdZaZeqlhwlhohjhrZyfukev

b^Z`_ ij_^eh`be fg_ dmiblv [be_l \ dZq_kl\_ ih^ZjdZ dhlhjuc y

ijbgyeZ Hlimkd [ue qm^_kguc h^gZdh y[ueZ kh\k_f g_ ]hlh\Z d

]em[bg_ qm\kl\Z lhkdb ih O_cfbrm ;_a khfg_gby Okcfbr by

^hklb]ebgh\h]hmjh\gyihgbfZgby

Y `Zeh\ZeZkv<bevyfmgZO_cfbrZ dhlhjuch[\bgye f_gy \

ijb^bjdZo <bevyf ih iZ\rbc ijyfh \p_ev kdZaZe qlh \hafh`gh

ijb^bjdb ² wlh fhc kihkh[ mijZ\eylv O_cfbr_f lZd `_ dZd _]h

fZg_jZ jZa[jZku\Zlv \_sb klZeZ _]h kihkh[hf mijZ\eylv fghc GZ

h^ghf ba wlZih\ y ijb]eZkbeZ O_cfbrZ ijbkh_^bgblvky \

dhgkmevlbjh\Zgbx gh hg hldZaZeky K ^jm]hc klhjhgu wlh fh`_l

[ulv[uehfhbf`_eZgb_fm\b^_lv_]hbaf_g_ggufLhqlhy ibrm

wlhl_i_jvlhevdh ih^q_jdb\Z_l dZdy baf_gbeZkvb \ujhkeZLZdb_

\a]ey^u [ueb [u Z[khexlgh qm`^u fg_ ^h lh]h dZd y gZqZeZ

dhgkmevlbjh\Zgb_

H^gZ`^u <bevyf [jhkbe fg_ \uah\ ih ih\h^m lh]h qlh y

ihgbfZeZ fZlv dZd hljbpZl_evguc i_jkhgZ` b kdZaZe :\Zr

hl_p"Lh]^Zfg_ijbrehkvihkfhlj_lvijZ\^_\ ]eZaZhgbh[ZklZeb

hl\_j]Zlvb O_cfbrZbf_gydh]^ZmagZebqlhfu`b\_f\f_kl_

FZlv dZaZehkv g_ ihgbfZ_l ^_l_c b\k_ wlh [ueh k\yaZgh k

hllhj`_gb_fHl_p[hevr_ihgbfZef_gydh]^Zy[ueZfZe_gvdhcgh

hg g_ fh] kijZ\blvky kh fghc dh]^Z y klZeZ fheh^hc `_gsbghc

>_ckl\bl_evgh [uekemqZchglZdkbevgh m^Zjbe f_gy qlh hklZeky

kbgydih^]eZahfWlhfy]dh]h\hjykbevghkfmsZ

eh L_f [he__ qlh wlh [ueh k\yaZgh k h^ghc ba i_j\uo

f_gkljmZpbcbfhbfg_`_eZgb_fh[tykgylvqlhy^_eZxhlijZ\eyykv

\ \Zggmx \lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z hg jZ[hlZ_l gZ e_klgbp_ LZd qlh y

iheZ]Zxqlhl_i_jvy ijbagZeZkv<bevyfm\ l_o\_sZoq_j_adhlhju_

fg_ ijbrehkv ijh[b\Zlvky Wlh [ueh k\yaZgh k h[hbfb fhbfb

jh^bl_eyfb H^gZ`^u y gZqZeZ bkke_^h\Zlv hl\kj`_gb_ Fg_

dZaZehkv yg_ fh]m ba[Z\blvky hl g_]h ^Z`_ \ kgh\b^_gbyo <

hkh[_gghklbh^bgkhg[uegZqZehfp_eh]hgh\h]hijbdexq_gby

Y gZoh^beZkv \imklhc dhfgZl_ ihgbfZy qlh m kl_gu

\ha\urZ_lky [mn_l Mf_gy [ueh ]em[hdh_ ^mjgh_ ij_^qm\kl\b_ y

agZeZ qlh \[mn_l_ ijbajZd Dh]^Z ykgh\Z \hreZ \ wlh kgh\b^_gb_

\f_kl_ k <bevyfhf ihlj_[h\Zehkv fgh]h fm`_kl\Z qlh[u hldjulv

[mn_l Dh]^Z y wlh k^_eZeZ gZ f_gy g_kdhevdbfb \hegZfb oeugmeZ

\h^Z Dh]^Z [mn_l himkl_e hg klZe dZaZlvky im]Zxsbf q_jguf b

m`Zkguf\u]ey^_e dZd]jh[ Dh]^Z <bevyf kijhkbef_gy hl dh]h y

fh]eZ [uihemqblv ihfhsvihy\beZkvl_lmrdZ>`hZgHgZ kdZaZeZ

Wlh fhc ]jh[ <bevyf kijhkbe f_gy fh]m eb y dhkgmlvky ]jh[Z

Dh]^Zy kdZaZeZqlhg_fh]mhgkijhkbefh]meby aZ]eygmlv\g_]h

gh wlh [uehkebrdhffgh]h ^eyf_gy Ihebebkv ke_auOhly yb gk

jZ[hlZeZ gZijyfmx k dZdbfeb[h we_f_glhf wlh]h kgZ gh y[ueZ

kihkh[gZ ijh^he`Zlv jZ[hlm k h[jZaZfb b k\_l ih kl_i_ggh \hr_e

q_j_aihlhehd b\kydhfgZlZklZeZf_g__im]Zxs_c;mn_lf_^e_ggh

ij_\jZlbeky\ jZa^Z\e_ggmxdZjlhggmxdhjh[dm

<lh \j_fy yg_ ihgbfZeZ dZd wlhl khg \ibku\Z_lky \l_fm

hl\_j`_gby YagZx qlh mreZ k wlh]h k_ZgkZ qm\kl\my kbevgmx

keZ[hklv ba f_gy keh\gh qlhlh \udZqZeb ohly yg_ agZeZ qlh Y

ihgbfZeZjZajmr_gb_dhjh[dbhagZqZehqlh__ jZ[hlZaZ\_jr_gZY

 







lZd`_^mfZeZhlhf bf_eZeb\h^ZdhlhjZyh[\hehdeZf_gyk\yav k

jh`^_gb_f GZ h^ghf ba ke_^mxsbo k_Zgkh\ ykgh\Z \hreZ \wlhl

khg GZ wlhl jZa y kmf_eZ \ihealb \ [mn_l ;eZ]h^Zjy \h^_ y

qm\kl\h\ZeZk_[y[_ahiZkgh

Kimkly g_kdhevdh g_^_ev ihke_ i_j\hc \klj_qb k dhfgZlhc y

ijbreZ d \u\h^m qlh dhfgZlZ hebp_l\hjyeZ hl\_j`_gbk fh_c

fZl_jbbwlhklZehykg__\h\lhjhcjZadh]^Zy ihiZeZih^ kbevgh]h

djblbq_kdh]h jh^bl_ey fh_c fZl_jb dhlhjuc ih^Z\be __

aZ[hleb\h]h jh^bl_ey < j_amevlZl_ j_[_ghd y [ue kh\_jr_ggh

kfms_g b aZim]Zg FZlv g_ fh]eZ \ughkblv fhx jZa\b\Zxsmxky

k_dkmZevghklv bwlh ^ey f_gy [ueh iheguf hl\kj`_gb_f Y lZd`_

ijbreZd \u\h^mihkdhevdmfhyfZlv[ueZihkms_kl\m



djblbqghc Zgk aZ[hleb\hc yg_ kebrdhf ohjhrh

ij_^klZ\eyeZk_[_jhe_\mxfh^_evaZ[hlu

GZ g_dhlhjhf wlZi_ dh]^Z y klZeZ ]h\hjblv h g_^hklZld_

aZ[hlub aZieZdZeZ<bevyfh[gyef_gyWlh[uehkljZggh_qm\kl\h

Y hsmsZeZ[_ahiZkghklvb\lh`_\j_fy[_kihdhckl\hFu]h\hjbeb

h[ wlbo dhgnebdlmxsbo qm\kl\Zo b ijbreb d \u\h^m qlh ]^_lh

\gmljb f_gy y ijbjZ\gb\Zx hl\_j`_gb_ d hlkmlkl\bx nbabq_kdh]h

dhglZdlZYg_fh]eZ\kihfgblvihke_^gbcjZadh]^Zdlhlhbafhbo

jh^bl_e_ch[gbfZef_gy>mfZxy lh]^Z[ueZhq_gvfZe_gvdhcWlhl

k_ZgkklZe]h^h\sbghcfh_]hijboh^Zd <bevyfmbhgh[jZlbegZwlh

\gbfZgb_ kijhkb\ <Zr_ ih^Z\e_ggh_ khklhygb_ ² _`_]h^gh_

qm\kl\h"< i_j\ucjZay kfh]eZq_klghijbagZlvkyqlhagZxwlhlZd

Ghihq_fmy \k_]^Zqm\kl\h\ZeZk_[yih^Z\e_gghcbf_ggh\ ^_dZ[j_"

Y lZd`_ ihgyeZ qlh wlZ ih^Z\e_gghklv \ ^_ckl\bl_evghklb

gZqbgZeZkv ijbf_jgh \ k_j_^bg_ ghy[jy KljZ^ZeZ eb yhl dZdhclh

ly`_ehcmljZlu\wlh\j_fy"<hlhghL_lmrdZ>`hZgmf_jeZd dhgpm

ghy[jy Wlh hdZaZehkv ^ey f_gy q_flh gh\uf gZ^ q_f klhbeh

ih^mfZlv

Wlh ijhbahreh aZ r_klv g_^_ev ^h lh]h dZd y ihqm\ kl\h\ZeZ

k_[y ^hklZlhqgh kbevghc qlh[u kgh\Z bkke_^h\Zlv wlh

h[klhyl_evkl\h Fhc khg ijb\_e f_gy gZ ih\_joghklv g_dhlhjuo

kljZoh\dhlhju_mf_gy\hagbdebihih\h^maZfdgmluoijhkljZgkl\

rdhevguo kh[jZgbc ih_a^h\ blheiu Y \k_]^Z [hyeZkv ex^_c

^mjguo beb [hevguo >_ckl\bl_evgh kljZggh keurZlv wlh hl

f_^k_klju <bevyf \_jgme f_gy gZaZ^ d i_j\hfm jZam dh]^Z y

khagZl_evgh\kihfgbeZqm\kl\hih^h[gh_wlhfmFhc[jZlLj_\hjgZ

^\Z]h^Zfheh`_f_gyby\kihfgbeZdZdgZ[ex^ZeZdZd_]hdhjfyl

]jm^vx FZlv ]h\hjbeZ Gk [m^v ]emiuf <ajhke_c Y kijhkbeZ

k\yaZgheb wlhdZdlhkfh_cj_\ghklvxWlh [uehaZ fgh]hf_kyp_\

^hlh]hdZdy kfh]eZih]h\hjblvk Lj_\hjhfhfh_cj_\ghklbdg_fm

Dh]^Zy aZ]h\hjbeZ^eyf_gy[uehijbylgufkxjijbahfmagZlvqlh