Дискретная математика
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Lothaire M. Algebraic Combinatorics on Words
Издательство Cambridge University Press, 2002, -515 pp.

Combinatorics on words is a field that has grown separately within several branches of mathematics, such as number theory, group theory or probability theory, and appears frequently in problems of theoretical computer science, as dealing with automata and formal languages. A unified treatment of the theory appeared in Lothaire's Combi- Combinatorics on Words. Since then, the field has grown rapidly. This book presents new topics of combinatorics on words.
Several of them were not yet ripe for exposition, or even not yet explored, twenty years ago. The spirit of the book is the same, namely an introductory exposition of a field, with full proofs and numerous examples, and further developments deferred to problems, or mentioned in the Notes.
This book is independent of Lothaire's first book, in the sense that no knowledge of the first volume is assumed. In order to avoid repetitions, some results of the first book, when needed here, are explicitly quoted, and are only referred for the proof to the first volume.
This volume presents, compared with the previous one, two important new features. It is first of all a complement in the sense that it goes deeper in the same direction. For example, the theory of unavoidable pattes (Chapter 3) is a generalization of the theory of square-free words and morphisms. In the same way, the chapters on statistics on words and permutations (Chapters 10 and 11) are a continuation of the chapter on transformations on words of the previous volume. But this volume is also a complement in the sense that it presents aspects of combinatorics on words that had not been treated in the previous one. For example, the plactic monoid is presented here although it had not been mentioned at all in the previous volume. The same holds for several topics connected with symbolic dynamics, such as Sturmian words or beta-expansions.

Finite and Infinite Words
Sturmian Words
Unavoidable Pattes
Sesquipowers
The Plactic Monoid
Codes
Numeration Systems
Periodicity
Centralizers of Noncommutative Series and Polynomials
Transformations on Words and q-Calcuhis
Statistics on Permutations and Words
Makanin's Algorithm
Independent Systems of Equations
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