Carson Ph., Mumford C. Hazardous Chemicals Handbook (Справочник по опасным химическим веществам)

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Table 15.6 Prohibition on mixed loads of dangerous goods (see Footnote and Table 14.8)

Column 1 Column 2

Classification code Classification code

1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01 2, 3, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7, 8 or 9

2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

3 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

4.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

4.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

4.3 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

5.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

5.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

6.1 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

6.2 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

8 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

9 1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 or 01

2. The carriage of temperature-controlled substances by rail is prohibited and special requirements

are included for the carriage of explosives including:

• Prohibition of carriage in open containers.

• Restriction on the classification of explosive that can be transported and how, including the

need for sheet steel spark-guards for carriage of certain explosives.

• Limitation on the quantity of material transported. Thus, Compatibility Group A materials are

not permitted. Other than explosives in Division 1.4, the maximum quantity of explosive

permitted in any container or wagon is 20 tonnes net explosive content. Materials in column 1

of Table 15.7 must not be transported in adjacent containers of wagons with materials in

column 2 in amounts exceeding those quoted. (Where a train comprises more than one such

group of adjacent containers or wagons the minimum separation distance between the nearest

parts of each group is shown in column 3.) The regulations must be consulted for full details.

• Loading and stowage requirements, including the sealing of closed containers to prevent

unauthorized access, and the need to complete journeys and unloading as quickly as practicable.

• Carriage on passenger trains is restricted.

• Security measures.

Classification code Type

1 Explosive substances and articles

2 Gases: compressed liquefied or dissolved under pressure

3 Flammable liquids

4.1 Flammable solids

4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

4.3 Substances when in contact with water emit flammable gases

5.1 Oxidizing substances

5.2 Organic peroxides

6.1 Toxic substances

6.2 Infectious substances

7 Radioactive materials

8 Corrosive substances

9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances

RAIL TRANSPORT 469

*Consult the original regulations, regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail 1997, UN

recommendations on transportation of dangerous goods, and IARTA Regulations (page 460).

470 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS

Radioactive substances

UK regulations for the transport of radioactive materials set out the requirements for packaging,

labelling and carriage of radioactive material including special forms of radioactive substances,

and different types of package and their testing. Documentation requirements are set out together

with advice on calculating maximum permissible radiation levels for packages of individual

radionuclides and mixtures thereof. For excepted packages of limited activity the radiation level

at any point on the external surface of the package must not exceed 5 µSv/h. Material which is not

enclosed in, or forming a component part of, an instrument or manufactured article, may be

transported in an excepted package if the activity of the material does not exceed the limit given

in column 4 of Table 15.8.

Table 15.7 Limits on quantities of explosives permitted for carriage by rail in containers and wagons, and separation

distances

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3

Type of explosive Maximum net explosive content in Minimum separation distance

tonnes in any group of adjacent in metres between groups of containers

containers or wagons or wagons

1.1 40 80

Any combination of 40 (Aggregate) 80

1.1, 1.3 and 1.5

1.3 and 1.5 alone or 120 40

mixed

Table 15.8 Activity limits for excepted packages (except mixtures of radionuclides)*

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4

Physical state of contents Instruments and articles Instruments and articles Materials

Item limits Package limits Package

Solids

• Special form 10

–2

–3

• Other forms 10

–2

–3

Liquids 10

–3

–1

–4

Gases

• Tritium 2 × 10

–2

2 × 10

–1

2 × 10

–2

• Special form 10

–3

–2

–3

• Other forms 10

–3

–2

–3

* Values of A

and A

are given in the regulations for individual radionuclides (SI 1996 No. 1350).

Air transport

Dangerous substances

Air freighting of hazardous chemicals must comply with the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations,

based on the International Civil Aviation Organization. The regulations address packaging, marking

and labelling, documentation, and handling arrangements. A section is devoted to radioactive

materials. Detailed lists of individual articles and substances are included with their UN Classification,

viz. explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids, oxidizing substances and organic

peroxides, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive material, corrosives, and miscellaneous

dangerous goods. Dangerous goods are assigned to the relevant packing group to reflect the

degree of hazard they pose, viz.:

Packing Group I Great danger

Packing Group II Medium danger

Packing Group III Minor danger

Explosive substances

Some classes of chemicals have been identified as too hazardous to be carried on aircraft under

any conditions (Table 15.12). This includes the individual substances listed in Table 15.9. Other

explosive materials have been forbidden under normal circumstances but may be carried with

specific approval. Some are restricted to transport on cargo aircraft only but most can be transported

on passenger aircraft provided certain requirements are met and the quantity is limited, e.g. the

maximum net quantity of dangerous goods in inner packaging must be limited to that in Table

15.10. The regulations should be consulted for detailed advice. Both shippers and operators have

responsibility to ensure the cargo is safe. Training is crucial in maintaining a safe regime; the

minimum training requirements are summarized in Table 15.11.

Sea transport

Dangerous substances

In addition to a myriad of general safety maritime legislation (e.g. in the UK the Merchant

Shipping (International Safety Management (ISM) Code) Regulations 1998; the Docks Regulations

1988; the Freight Containers (Safety Convention) Regulations 1984; the Merchant Shipping

(Carriage of Cargoes) Regulations 1999) there is a raft of more specific regulations governing the

carriage of hazardous chemicals at sea. Examples include the Merchant Shipping (Dangerous

Goods and Marine Pollutants) Regulations 1997; the Explosives in Harbour Areas Regulations

(Northern Ireland) 1995; and the Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas Regulations 1987, plus

international requirements and codes.

Those at risk from packaged hazardous goods inside a transport unit include packers/unpackers,

land users, stevedores, customs officials, ships’ crews, and passengers. Simple guidance for

packers and drivers of transport units containing dangerous goods is given in Table 15.13.

Ships and their cargoes are subjected to stresses in all directions during handling, transfer, and

the journey. Adequate stowage is crucial. In line with the transportation of chemicals on land

systems to address include:

• Strength, integrity, labelling and marking of individual packages.

• Selection of appropriate container.

• Safe loading packages into the containing unit.

• Adequate securing of packages within the unit.

SEA TRANSPORT 471

472 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS

Table 15.9 Dangerous goods forbidden in aircraft under any circumstances (IATA)

Acetyl cyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, more than 82%, wetted with less than 12% water

Acetylene (liquefied)

Acetylene silver nitrate

Acetone cyanohydrin, stabilized

Allyl chloroformate

Allyl isothiocyanate, inhibited

Aluminium dross, wet or hot

Ammonium azide

Ammonium bromate

Ammonium chlorate

Ammonium fulminate

Ammonium nitrite

Ammonium permanganate

Antimony sulphide and a chlorate, mixtures of

Arsenic sulphide and a chlorate, mixtures of

Arsenic trichloride

Ascaridole

Azaurolic acid (salt of), (dry)

Azidodithiocarbonic acid

Azidoethyl nitrate

Azido guanidine picrate (dry)

5-Azido-1-hydroxy tetrazole

Azido hydroxy tetrazole (mercury and silver salts)

3-Azido-1,2-propylene glycol dinitrate

Azotetrazole (dry)

Benzene diazonium chloride (dry)

Benzene diazonium nitrate (dry)

Benzene triozonide

Benzoxidiazoles (dry)

Benzoyl azide

Biphenyl triozonide

Boron tribromide

Bromine azide

Bromine solutions

4-Bromo-1,2-dinitrobenzene

Bromosilane

1,2,4-Butanetriol trinitrate

tert-Butoxycarbonyl azide

-Butyl chloroformate

tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, >90% with water

-Butyl isocyanate

terty-Butyl isocyanate

tert-Butyl peroxyacetate, >76% in solution

tert-Butyl peroxyisobutyrate, >77% in solution

Charcoal screenings, wet

Charcoal, wet

Chlorine azide

Chlorine dioxide

Chloroacetaldehyde

Chloroacetone (unstabilized)

Chloroacetonitrile

Chloroformates, n.o.s.

Chloroprene, uninhibited

Chlorosulphonic acid

Coal briquettes, hot

Coke, hot

Copper acetylide

Copper amine azide

Copper tetramine nitrate

Crotonaldehyde, stabilized

Cyanogen bromide

Cyanuric triazide

Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (dry or unphlegmatized) (HMX)

Diacetone alcohol peroxides, >57% in solution with >9% hydrogen peroxide, <26% diacetone alcohol and <9% water; total

active oxygen content >10% by weight

-Diazidobenzene

1,2-Diazidoethane

1,1′-Diazoaminonaphthalene

Diazoaminotetrazole (dry)

Diazodinitrophenol (dry)

Diazodiphenylmethane

2-Diazo-1-naphthol-4-sulphochloride

2-Diazo-1-naphthol-5-sulphochloride

Diazonium nitrates (dry)

Diazonium perchlorates (dry)

1,3-Diazopropane

Dibenzyl peroxydicarbonate, >87% with water

Dibromoacetylene

2,2-Di-(tert-butylperoxy) butane, >55% in solution

Di-n-butyl peroxydicarbonate, >52% in solution

Di-(tert-butylperoxy) phthalate, >55% in solution

Dichloroacetylene

N,N′-Dichlorazodicarbonamidine (salts of), (dry)

Dichloroethyl sulphide

Dichlorovinylchloroarsine

2,2-Di-(4,4-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane, >42% with inert solid

Di-2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, >75% with water

Diethanol nitrosamine dinitrate (dry)

Diethyleneglycol dinitrate (dry)

Diethylgold bromide

Diethyl peroxydicarbonate, >27% in solution

1,8-Dihydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetranitroanthraquinone (chrysamminic acid)

Di-(1-hydroxytetrazole) (dry)

Diiodoacetylene

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxy hexane, >82% with water

Dimethylhexane dihydroperoxide, >82% with water

Di-(1-naphthoyl) peroxide

Dinitro-7,8-dimethylglycoluril (dry)

1,3-Dinitro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin

1,3-Dinitro-4,5-dinitrosobenzene

1,1-Dinitroethane (dry)

1,2-Dinitroethane

Dinitroglycoluril

Dinitromethane

Dinitropropylene glycol

2,4-Dinitroresorcinol (heavy metal salts of) (dry)

4,6-Dinitroresorcinol (heavy metal salts of), (dry)

3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (lead salt), (dry)

Dinitrosobenzylamidine and salts of (dry)

2,2-Dinitrostilbene

1,4-Dinitro-1,1,4,4-tetramethylolbutanetetranitrate (dry)

2,4-Dinitro-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene

Di-(β-nitroxyethyl) ammonium nitrate

α, α’-Di-(nitroxyl) methylether

1,9-Dinitroxyl pentamethylene-2,4,6,8-tetramine (dry)

Dipropionyl peroxide, >28% in solution

Table 15.9 Cont’d

SEA TRANSPORT 473

474 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS

Ethanol amine dinitrate

Ethylene diamine diperchlorate

Ethylene glycol dinitrate

Ethyl hydroperoxide

Ethyl nitrate

Ethyl nitrite

Ethyl perchlorate

Fulminate of mercury (dry)

Fulminating gold

Fulminating mercury

Fulminating platinum

Fulminating silver

Fulminic acid

Galactsan trinitrate

Glycerol-1,3-dinitrate

Glycerol gluconate trinitrate

Glycerol lactate trinitrate

Guanyl nitrosaminoguanylidene hydrazine (dry)

Guanyl nitrosaminoguanyltetrazene

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (dry)

Hexamethylol benzene hexanitrate

Hexanitroazoxy benzene

2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitro-3,3′-dihydroxyazobenzene (dry)

N,N′-(hexanitrodiphenyl) ethylene dinitramine (dry)

2,3′, 4,4′,6,6′-Hexanitrodiphenylether

Hexanitrodiphenyl urea

Hexanitroethane

Hexanitrooxanilide

HMX (dry or unphlegmatized)

Hydrazine azide

Hydrazine chlorate

Hydrazine dicarbonic acid diazide

Hydrazine perchlorate

Hydrazine selenate

Hydrogen cyanide, unstabilized

Hydroxyl amine iodide

Hyponitrous acid

Ignition element for lighter, containing pyrophoric liquid

Inositol hexanitrate (dry)

Inulin trinitrate (dry)

Iodine azide (dry)

Iodoxy compounds (dry)

Iridium nitratopentamine iridium nitrate

Isopropylcumyl hydroperoxide, >72% in solution

Isothiocyanic acid

Lead azide (dry)

Lead nitroresorcinate (dry)

Lead picrate (dry)

Lead styphnate (dry)

Lead trinitroresorcinate (dry)

Lighters (cigarettes) containing pyrophoric liquid

Lighters (cigarettes) with lighter fluids

Table 15.9 Cont’d

Magnesium dross, wet or hot

Mannitan tetranitrate

Mannitol hexanitrate (dry)

Mercurous azide

Mercury acetylide

Mercury iodide aquabasic ammonobasic (lodide of Millon’s base)

Mercury nitride

Methazoic acid

Methylamine dinitramine and dry salts thereof

Methylamine nitroform

Methylamine perchlorate (dry)

Methyldichloroarsine

Methylene glycol dinitrate

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, >50%

alpha-Methylglucoside tetranitrate

alpha-Methylglycerol trinitrate

Methyl nitramine (dry) metal salts of

Methyl nitrate

Methyl nitrite

Methyl picric acid (heavy metal salts of)

Methyl trimethylol methane trinitrate

Naphthalene diozonide

Naphthyl amineperchlorate

Nickel picrate

Nitrates of diazonium compounds

-Nitroaniline

-Nitrobenzene diazonium perchlorate

6-Nitro-4-diazotoluene-3-sulphonic acid (dry)

Nitroethyl nitrate

Nitroethylene polymer

Nitrogen trichloride

Nitrogen triiodide

Nitrogen triiodide monoamine

Nitroglycerin, liquid, not desensitized

Nitroguanidine nitrate

1-Nitro hydantoin

Nitro isobutane triol trinitrate

Nitromannite (dry)

Nitromethane

-Nitro-

-methylglycolamide nitrate

2-Nitro-2-methylpropanol nitrate

-Nitrophenyldinitro methane

Nitrosugars (dry)

1,7-Octadiene-3,5-diyne-1,8-dimethoxy-9-octadecynoic acid

Octogen (dry)

Pentaerythrite tetranitrate (dry)

Pentaerythritol tetratnitrate (dry)

Pentanitroaniline (dry)

Perchloric acid >72% strength

Peroxyacetic acid, >43% and with >6% hydrogen peroxide

PETN (dry)

-Phenylene diaminediperchlorate (dry)

Phosphorus (white or red) and a chlorate, mixtures of

Potassium carbonyl

Pyridine perchlorate

Table 15.9 Cont’d

SEA TRANSPORT 475

476 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS

Quebrachitol pentanitrite

Security type attaché cases incorporating lithium batteries and/or pyrotechnic material

Selenium nitride

Silver acetylide (dry)

Silver azide (dry)

Silver chlorite (dry)

Silver fulminate (dry)

Silver oxalate (dry)

Silver picrate (dry)

Sodium picryl peroxide

Sodium tetranitride

Sucrose octanitrate (dry)

Tetraazido benzene quinone

Tetraethylammonium perchlorate (dry)

Tetramethylene diperoxide dicarbamide

Tetranitro diglycerin

2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenol

2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenyl methyl nitramine

2,3,4,6-Tetranitrophenylnitramine

Tetranitroresorcinol (dry)

2,3,5,6-Tetranitroso-1,4-dinitrobenzene

2,3,5,6-Tetranitroso nitrobenzene (dry)

Tetrazene (dry)

Tetrazine

Tetrazolyl azide (dry)

Thionyl chloride

Thiophosgene

Titanium tetrachloride

Trichloromethyl perchlorate

Triformoxime trinitrate

Trimethylacetyl chloride

Trimethylene glycol diperchlorate

Trimethylol nitromethane trinitrate

1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Trinitroacetic acid

Trinitroacetonitrile

Trinitroamine cobalt

2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3-diazobenzene

Trinitroethanol

Trinitroethylnitrate

Trinitromethane

2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl guanidine (dry)

2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl nitramine

2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl trimethylol methyl nitramine trinitrate (dry)

2,4,6-Trinitroso-3-methyl nitraminoanisole

Trinitrotetramine cobalt nitrate

2,4,6-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazido benzene (dry)

Tri-(β-nitroxyethyl) ammonium nitrate

Tris, bis-bifluoroamino diethoxy propane (TVOPA)

Vinyl nitrate polymer

p-Xylyl diazide

Table 15.9 Cont’d

Table 15.10 Quantity limits of dangerous goods accepted in small amounts for transport by air

Packing group of Packing group I Packing group II Packing group III

the substance

Class or division or Packagings Packagings Packagings

primary or Inner Outer Inner Outer Inner Outer

subsidiary risk

1: Explosives Forbidden

2.1: Flammable gas Forbidden

2.2: Non-Flammable, non- See Note

toxic gas

2.3: Toxic gas Forbidden

3: Flammable liquid 30 ml 300 ml 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1l

4.1: Self reactive substances Forbidden

4.1: Other flammable Forbidden 30 g 500 g 30 g 1 kg

solids

4.2: Pyrophoric substances Forbidden Not Applicable Not Applicable

4.2: Spontaneously Not Applicable 30 g 500 g 30 g 1 kg

combustible substances

4.3: Water reactive Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

substances 30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

5.1: Oxidizers Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

5.2: Organic peroxides

Not applicable 30 g or 500 g or Not Applicable

30 ml 500 ml

6.1: Toxic substances – Forbidden 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

inhalation 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

6.1: Toxic substances – oral 1 g or 300 g or 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

1 ml 300 ml 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

6.1: Toxic substances – 1 g or 300 g or 1 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

dermal 1 ml 300 ml 1 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

6.2: Infectious substances Forbidden

7: Radioactive material

Forbidden

8: Corrosive materials

Forbidden 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

9: Magnetized materials Forbidden

9: Other miscellaneous Not Applicable 30 g or 500 g or 30 g or 1 kg or

materials

30 ml 500 ml 30 ml 1 l

The more restrictive quantity required by either the Primary or Subsidiary Risk must be used.

For inner packagings, the quantity contained in receptacle with a water capacity of 30 ml. For outer packagings, the sum

of the water capacities of all the inner packagings contained must not exceed 1 litre.

Applies only to Organic Peroxides when contained in a chemical kit or a first-aid kit.

See 10.5.9.8.1, 10.5.9.8.2 and 10.5.9.7, radioactive material in excepted packages.

UN 2803 and UN 2809 are not permitted in Excepted Quantities.

For substances in Class 9 for which no packing group is indicated in the List of Dangerous Goods, Packing Group II

quantities must be used.

SEA TRANSPORT 477

478 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS

Table 15.11 Minimum training requirements for staff engaged in the transport of hazardous chemicals by air

Relevant aspect with which staff should be familiar, Type of staff

as a minimum A B C D E F G H

General philosophy xxxxxxxx

Limitations x x xxxx

General requirements x x x

Classification x x x x

List of dangerous goods x x x x x

General packing requirements x x x x

Packing instructions x x x x

Labelling and marking xxxxxxxx

Shipper’s declaration and other documentation x x x

Acceptance procedures x

Storage and loading procedures x x x

Pilot’s notification x x x

Provisions for passengers and crew x x x x

Emergency procedures x x x x

Staff category

A Shippers, shipper’s agents including operator’s staff acting as shippers, operator’s staff preparing dangerous goods

B Packers

C Cargo acceptance staff of operators and agencies acting on behalf of operators

D Staff of operators and agencies acting on behalf of operators engaged in the ground handling, storage and loading of

cargo and baggage

E Passenger handling staff and security staff who deal with the screening of passengers and their baggage

F Staff of agencies other than operators involved in processing cargo

G Flight crew members

H Crew members (other than flight crew)

Depending upon responsibilities the training requirements will alter, e.g. if an operator carries only cargo those aspects

pertaining to passengers may be omitted for his staff and flight crew.

Table 15.12 Classes of dangerous goods forbidden for transport by air

Explosives which ignite or decompose when subjected to a temperature of 75°C for 48 hours.

Explosives containing both chlorates and ammonium salts.

Explosives containing mixtures of chlorates with phosphorus.

Solid explosives which are classified as extremely sensitive to mechanical shock.

Liquid explosives which are classified as moderately sensitive to mechanical shock.

Any substance, as presented for transport, which is liable to produce a dangerous evolution of heat or gas under the

conditions normally encountered in air transport.

Flammable solids and organic peroxides having, as tested, explosive properties and which are packed in such a way

that the classification procedure would require the use of an explosives label as a subsidiary risk label.

Dangerous goods listed in Table 15.9

• Provision of relevant documentation/information, e.g. for packers, haulier, shipper, etc. For

example, the ship’s owner must be provided with:

– the container packing certificate/vehicle declaration;

– a signed dangerous goods declaration; and/or

– a marine pollution declaration.

A checklist summarizing the range of responsibilities is given in Table 15.14.

Hazardous substances in ports are governed by the Dangerous Substances in Harbour Areas

Regulations 1987. These provide for: