Coker A.K. Fortran Programs for Chemical Process Design, Analysis, and Simulation
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42
41
75
RETURN
END
BETA3 = VALI*(I.O-(BETA3**2))*((I.O/(BETA3**4))-I.O)
GO TO 42
ELSEIF (RE .GT. 2500.0) THEN
VAL2 = (2.72-((BETA3**2)*(4000.0/RE)))
BETA3 = VAL2*(I.O-(BETA3**2))*((I.0/(BETA3**4))-I.0)
ENDIF
KOD = KOD + BETA3
KALL = KALL + KEX + KCT + KOD + KOT
****************************************************************
* CONSTANTS FOR THE TWO-K METHOD *
****************************************************************
BLOCK DATA
DIMENSION CHOFIT (14, 4)
COMMON/DATA3/ CHOFIT
DATA CHOFIT(I,3)/IOOO.O/,CHOFIT(2,3)/8OO.O/,CHOFIT(3,3)/500.O/
DATA CHOFIT(4,3)/3OO.O/,CHOFIT(7,3)/15OO.O/,CHOFIT(II,3)/150.O/
DATA CHOFIT(12,3)/IOO.O/,CHOFIT(13,3)/160.O/,CHOFIT(14,3)/O.O/
DATA CHOFIT(I,4)/O.30/,CHOFIT(2,4)/O.20/,CHOFIT(3,4)/O.15/
DATA CHOFIT(4,4)/O.IO/,CHOFIT(6,4)/O.25/,CHOFIT(7,4)/4.0/
DATA CHOFIT(8,4)/2.0/,CHOFIT(IO,4)/I.50/,CHOFIT(II,4)/O.05/
DATA CHOFIT(12,4)/O.O/,CHOFIT(13,4)/O.50/,CHOFIT(14,4)/I.O/
END
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50
PROGRAM PROG32
* THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE PRESSURE DROP IN A PIPE INCLUDING *
* PIPE FITTINGS
SUCH
AS VALVES AND ELBOWS. THE PROGRAM USES THE *
*
CHEN'S METHOD TO DETERMINE THE FRICTION FACTOR - f. THE DARCY *
* FRICTION FACTOR IS 4FC (i.e. 4 X CHEN'S FRICTION FACTOR). *
* THE PROGRAM USES THE VELOCITY HEAD DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS+VALVES *
* TO CALCULATE THE EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTH. THE TOTAL LENGTH OF *
* PIPE IS THE SUMMATION OF THE EQUIVALENT LENGTH AND THE STRAIGHT *
* PIPE LENGTH. FROM THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE PIPE, THE OVERALL *
* PRESSURE DROP OF THE PIPE IS CALCULATED. *
* NOMENCLATURE *
* AREA = PIPE INTERNAL CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA, ft^2. *
* PID = PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch. *
* ED = PIPE EXPANSION DIAMETER, ft. *
* CD = PIPE CONTRACTING DIAMETER, ft. *
* F = DARCY FRICTION FACTOR *
* L = TOTAL FITTING EQUIVALENT LENGTH PLUS *
* STRAIGHT PIPE LENGTH, ft. *
* LEQ = FITTINGS EQUIVALENT LENGTH, ft. *
* LST = STRAIGHT PIPE LENGTH, ft. *
* NF = NUMBER OF FITTINGS OF A GIVEN TYPE *
* RE = REYNOLDS NUMBER *
* P = P1 OR P2 (DEPENDING ON INPUT). *
* P1 = PIPE INLET PRESSURE, psia. *
* P2 = PIPE OUTLET PRESSURE, psia. *
* DELP = PRESSURE DROP psi/100 ft. *
* RHO = FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3. *
* Q = FLUID VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE, gal/min. *
* W = FLUID MASS FLOWRATE, ib/h. *
* G = ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY, 32.174 ft/sec^2. *
* PR = ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS OF PIPE WALL, 0.00015ft. *
* V = FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec. *
* VIS = VISCOSITY OF FLUID, cP. *
REAL RL, RLEQ, RLST, RK, KTOTAL
COMMON~DATA1~
PID, RLST, Q, W, DEN, VIS, Z, PRI
COMMON/DATA2/ V, RLEQ, KTOTAL, RK, RL, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
COMMON/DATA3/ G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
OPEN THE DATA FILE
OPEN (UNIT = 3, FILE = 'DATA32.DAT', STATUS = 'OLD', ERR = 18)
OPEN FILE FOR PRINTING THE RESULTS.
OPEN (UNIT = i, FILE = "PRN')
WRITE (i, 50)
FORMAT (///, \)
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I00
ii0
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120
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130
WRITE (I, i00)
FORMAT (5X, 'PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION OF AN INCOMPRESSIBLE',\)
WRITE (i, ii0)
FORMAT (' FLUID IN A PIPE LINE',/IH , 78(IH*))
READ IN THE DATA IN THE DATA FILE.
READ THE PIPE INTERNAL DIAMERTER, inch: PID
READ THE ACTUAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft. : RLST
READ THE FLUID FLOW RATE ( IF VOLUMETRIC FLOWRATE, gal/min. : Q IS GIVEN
THEN THE MASS FLOW RATE, ib/hr. : W = 0.0, ALTERNATIVELY, IF THE
MASS FLOW RATE, Ib/hr. : W IS GIVEN, THEN THE VOLUMETRIC RATE, gal/min.
Q = 0.0.
READ THE FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3. : DEN
READ THE FLUID VISCOSITY, cP: VIS
READ THE PIPE ELEVATION, ft. : Z (OTHERWISE Z = 0.0)
READ THE VELOCITY HEAD DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS, :RK
READ THE PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft. PRI (0.00015)
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) PID, RLST, Q, W
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) DEN, VIS, Z, RK
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) PRI
GO TO 5
WRITE (*, 120)
FORMAT (5X, 'DATA FILE DOES NOT EXIST')
GO TO 999
WRITE (*, 130)
FORMAT (5X, 'ERROR MESSAGE IN THE DATA VALUE')
GO TO 999
CALCULATE PIPE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA, ft^2
PI = 3.1415927
G = 32.2
D = PID/12
AREA = (PI*(D**2))/4.0
CHECK WHETHER THE PIPE ROUGHNESS IS FOR CARBON STEEL
(i.e. PR=0.00015ft).
IF ( PR .NE. PRI) THEN
PR = PRI
ENDIF
CHECK WHETHER FLUID FLOW RATE IS IN VOLUMETRIC OR MASS RATE.
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999
IF ( Q .GT. 0.0) THEN
CALL VRATE
CALL VMOUT
ELSE
CALL MRATE
CALL VMOUT
ENDIF
CLOSE (UNIT = 3, STATUS = 'KEEP')
CLOSE (UNIT = I)
STOP
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE PRESSURE DROP OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS.
FOR A GIVEN VOLUMETRIC RATE.
SUBROUTINE VRATE
REAL RL, RLEQ, RLST, RK, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATA1/ PID, RLST, Q, W, DEN, VIS, Z, PRI
COMMON/DATA2/ V, RLEQ, KTOTAL, RK, RL, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
COMMON/DATA3/ G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
RLEQ = 0.0
KTOTAL = 0.0
CALCULATE THE REYNOLDS NUMBER
RE = (50.6*DEN*Q)/(PID*VIS)
CALCULATE THE FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.
V = (0.408*Q)/PID**2
CALCULATE THE FLUID MASS RATE, ib/hr.
W = (V*PID**2*DEN)/0.0509
DETERMINE WHETHER FLUID FLOW IS LAMINAR OR TURBULENT.
IF (RE .GT. 2000.0) THEN
IF FLUID FLOW IS TURBULENT, CALCULATE THE FRICTION FACTOR
USING CHEN'S EQUATION.
CALL CHEN
ELSE
FLUID FLOW IS LAMINAR, CALCULATE THE FRICTION FACTOR.
220
FF = 64.0/RE
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE TOTAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH, ft.
CALL TLENGTH
CALCULATE THE FLUID PRESSURE DROP PER 100ft. OF PIPE, psi/100ft.
CHECK WHETHER FLUID FLOW IS LAMINAR OR TURBULENT.
IF (RE .LT. 2000.0) THEN
DELP = (0.0273*VIS*Q)/(PID**4)
CALCULATE THE OVERALL PRESSURE DROP, psi.
DELPT = (DELP*RL)/100.0+((Z*DEN)/144.0)
CALCULATE THE TOTAL HEAD LOSS, ft.
DELTAH = (0.0393*VIS*RL*Q)/((PID**4)*DEN) + Z
ELSE
IF FLUID FLOW IS TURBULENT
CALCULATE THE PRESSURE DROP PER 100ft. OF PIPE, psi/100ft.
DELP = (0.0216*FF*DEN*(Q**2))/(PID**5)
CALCULATE THE OVERALL PRESSURE DROP, psi.
DELPT = (DEEP*RE)/100.0 + ((Z'DEN)/144.0)
CALCULATE THE OVERALL HEAD LOSS, ft.
DELTAH = (0.0311*FF*RL*(Q**2))/(PID**5) + Z
ENDIF
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE PRESSURE DROP OF INCOMPRESSIBLE
FLUIDS FOR A GIVEN MASS RATE.
SUBROUTINE MRATE
REAL RL, RLEQ, RLST, RK, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATA1/ PID, RLST, Q, W, DEN, VIS, Z, PRI
COMMON/DATA2/ V, RLEQ, KTOTAL, RK, RL, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
COMMON/DATA3/ G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
RLEQ = 0.0
KTOTAL = 0.0
CALCULATE THE REYNOLDS NUMBER
RE = (6.31*W)/(PID*VIS)
221
CALCULATE THE FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.
V = (0.0509*W)/(DEN*PID**2)
CALCULATE THE FLUID VOLUMETRIC FLOWRATE, gal/min.
Q = W/(S.02*DEN)
DETERMINE WHETHER FLUID FLOW IS LAMINAR OR TURBULENT.
IF (RE .GT. 2000.0) THEN
IF FLUID FLOW IS TURBULENT, CALCULATE THE FRICTION FACTOR,
USING CHEN'S EQUATION.
CALL CHEN
ELSE
IF FLUID FLOW IS LAMINAR, CALCULATE THE FRICTION FACTOR.
FF = 64.0/RE
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE TOTAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH, ft.
CALL TLENGTH
CALCULATE THE FLUID PRESSURE DROP PER 100ft. OF PIPE, psi/10Oft.
IF (RE .LT. 2000.0) THEN
CALCULATE THE PRESSURE DROP FOR LAMINAR FLOW, psi/lOOft.
DELP = (0.0034*VIS*W)/((PID**4)*DEN)
CALCULATE THE OVERALL PRESSURE DROP FOR LAMINAR FLOW, psi.
DELPT = (DELP*RL)/100.O + ((Z,DEN)/144.0)
CALCULATE THE HEAD LOSS FOR LAMINAR FLOW.
DELTAH = (O.0049*VIS*RL*W)/((PID**4)*(DEN**2)) + Z
ELSE
CALCULATE THE PRESSURE DROP FOR TURBULENT FLOW psi/100ft.
DELP = (0.000336*FF*(W**2))/((PID**5)*DEN)
CALCULATE THE OVERALL PRESSURE DROP, psi.
DELPT = ((DELP*RL)/100.O) + ((Z,DEN)/144.0)
CALCULATE THE TOTAL HEAD LOSS, ft.
DELTAH = (O.000483*FF*RL*(W**2))/((PID**5)*(DEN**2)) + Z
ENDIF
RETURN
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150
160
170
180
C
END
THIS PROGRAM PRINTS THE RESULTS OF PRESSURE DROP OF
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW USING EITHER VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE OR
MASS FLOW RATE.
**************************************************************
SUBROUTINE VMOUT
REAL RL, RLEQ, RLST, RK, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATA1/ PID, RLST, Q, W, DEN, VIS, Z, PRI
COMMON~DATA2~
V, RLEQ, KTOTAL, RK, RL, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
COMMON/DATA3/ G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
WRITE (1,140) PID, W, Q, VIS
FORMAT(5X,'PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch:', T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'MASS FLOW RATE, ib/h.:',T60, FI0.2,/,
* 5X,'VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE, gal/min.:',T60,Fl0.2,/,
* 5X,'FLUID VISCOSITY, cP:',T60,F8.4)
WRITE (i, 150) DEN, V, RK, RLEQ
FORMAT(5X,'FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3: ' , T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.:',T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'VELOCITY HEAD LOSS DUE TO FITTINGS:',T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:',T60, F8.3)
WRITE (i, 160) RLST, RL, RE, PR
FORMAT(5X,'ACTUAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:',T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'TOTAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'REYNOLDS NUMBER:', T60, FI0.0,/,
*
5X,'PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft.:', T60, F8.6)
WRITE (i, 170) FF, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
FORMAT(5X,'DARCY FRICTION FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
* 5X,'EXCESS HEAD LOSS, ft.:', T60, F8.3,/,
* 5X,'PIPE PRESSURE DROP /100ft., psi/100ft:', T60, F8.4,/,
* 5X,'OVERALL PRESSURE DROP OF PIPE, psi:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE ( 1, 180)
FORMAT ( 78 ( IH- ) )
FORM FEED THE PRINTING PAPER TO TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE.
WRITE (i, *) CHAR(12)
RETURN
END
*****************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE FRICTION FACTOR USING CHEN'S EQUATION
*****************************************************************
SUBROUTINE CHEN
COMMON~DATA3~
G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
223
A1 = ((PR/D)/3.7+(6.7/RE)**0.9)
B1 = -4.0*ALOGI0((PR/(3.7*D))-(5.02/RE)*ALOGI0(AI))
FF = 4.0/BI**2
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TOTAL LENGTH OF PIPE INCLUDING
THE EQUIVALENT LENGTH.
****************************************************************
SUBROUTINE TLENGTH
REAL RL, RLEQ, RLST, RK, KTOTAL
COMMON~DATA1~
PID, RLST, Q, w, DEN, VIS, Z, PRI
COMMON~DATA2~
V, RLEQ, KTOTAL, RK, RL, DELTAH, DELP, DELPT
COMMON/DATA3/ G, PR, D, AREA, RE, FF
RLEQ = 0.0
KTOTAL = 0.0
CALCULATE THE TOTAL EQUIVALENT LENGTH, ft.
RLEQ = RLEQ+(RK*D)/FF
CALCULATE THE TOTAL FITTING EQUIVALENT LENGTH PLUS STRAIGHT PIPE
LENGTH, ft.
RL = RLST + RLEQ
CALCULATE THE VELOCITY HEAD, KTOTAL
KTOTAL = KTOTAL + RK + (FF*RLST/D)
RETURN
END
224
PROGRAM PROG33
* THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE MAXIMUM FLUID RATE OF A *
* COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FOR A GIVEN PIPE SIZE, PRESSURE DROP AND *
* FLUID FLOW CHARACTERISTICS. *
* NOMENCLATURE *
* A =
* d =
* D =
* PFF =
* g =
* g =
* C
* KF =
* KP =
* KTOTAL =
* LST =
* MW =
* P1 =
* P2 =
* DELP =
* R =
, =
* SG =
* T =
* VG =
* VS =
* RHO =
* VIS =
* Z =
**************
PIPE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA, ft^2.
PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch.
PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, ft.
PIPE FRICTION FACTOR
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY, 32.2 ft/sec^2.
CONVERSION FACTOR (32.174 (ibm/ibf)(ft/s^2)
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS+VALVES
RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FRICTION
TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT
LENGTH OF STRAIGHT PIPE, ft.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FLUID (ib/ib mol.)
INLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia.
OUTLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia.
PRESSURE DROP (PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO
POINTS), psi.
MOLAR GAS CONSTANT (10.73 psia.ft^3/R.ib mole)
1544 ibf.ft/oR, ib mole.
MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GAS/MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AIR
FLUID TEMPERATURE: oF.
FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.
FLUID SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec.
FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3.
FLUID VISCOSITY, cP.
FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR (Z=I).
CHARACTER*IO REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON/DATA1/ D, RE
COMMON/DATA2/ RHO, DELP
COMMON~DATA3~
VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON~DATA4~
KP, KTOTAL
COMMON~DATA5~
REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST, KF, KP, MW, MACH, MACR, KTOTAL
FLOW PATTERNS OF COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW IN A PIPE (Subsonic, Sonic
Supersonic).
DATA REG/ 'SUBSONIC ', 'SONIC 9 'SUPERSONIC'/
225
I00
ii0
OPEN THE DATA FILE.
OPEN (UNIT = 3, FILE = "DATA33.DAT', STATUS = "OLD', ERR = 18)
OPEN FILE FOR PRINTING THE RESULTS.
OPEN (UNIT = i, FILE = 'PRN')
WRITE (i, i00)
FORMAT
(///,IOX,'COMPRESSIBLE
FLUID FLOW
CALCULATIONS
IN A',\)
WRITE (i, II0)
FORMAT (" PIPE LINE',/78(IH*))
READ IN THE DATA
READ THE INTERNAL PIPE DIAMETER, inch.: ID
READ THE STRAIGHT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.: LST
READ THE PIPE FRICTION FACTOR: PFF
READ THE RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS + VALVES: KF
READ THE FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR: (Z=I.0)
READ THE FLUID TEMPERATURE, oF: T
READ THE FLUID MOLECULAR WEIGHT: MW
READ THE FLUID INLET PRESSURE, psia: P1
READ THE FLUID OUTLET PRESSURE, psia: P2
READ THE RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES, Cp/Cv: RATIOK
READ THE FLUID VISCOSITY, cP: VIS.
18
120
19
130
C
20
999
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) ID, LST, PFF
READ (3, *, ERR=f9) KF, Z, T, MW
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) PI, P2, RATIOK, VIS
GO TO 20
WRITE (*, 120)
FORMAT (5X, 'DATA FILE DOES NOT EXIST')
GO TO 999
WRITE (*, 130)
FORMAT (5X, "ERROR MESSAGE IN THE DATA VALUE')
GO TO 999
THIS CALLS FOR THE MAXIMUM FLUID FLOWRATE CALCULATION
CALL CALCI (ID, LST, PFF, KF, Z, T, MW, PI, P2, RATIOK, VIS, G)
THIS CALLS FOR THE RESULTS TO BE PRINTED.
CALL OUT1 (ID, LST, PFF, KF, Z, T, MW, G, PI, P2, RATIOK, VIS)
CLOSE (3, STATUS = 'KEEP')
CLOSE (i)
STOP
END
226