Coker A.K. Fortran Programs for Chemical Process Design, Analysis, and Simulation
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THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE MAXIMUM COMPRESSIBLE FLUID RATE FOR
A GIVEN PRESSURE LOSS AND FLUID SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS.
SUBROUTINE CALCI (ID, LST, PFF, KF, Z, T, MW, PI, P2, RATIOK,
VIS, G)
CHARACTER*I0, REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON~DATA1~
D, RE
COMMON~DATA2~ RHO,
DELP
COMMON~DATA3~
VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON~DATA4~
KP, KTOTAL
COMMON~DATA5~
REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST,
T = T + 460.0
KF, KP, KTOTAL, MW, MACH, MACR
PI = 3.1415927
CALCULATE THE PIPE AREA, ft^2.
D = ID/12.0
AREA = (PI*D*D)/4.0
CALCULATE THE INLET FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3.
RHO = (PI*MW)/(10.72*T*Z)
CALCULATE THE PRESSURE DIFFERENCE, psi.
DELP = P1 - P2
CALCULATE THE RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT, KP DUE TO PIPE FRICTION.
KP = (PFF*LST)/D
CALCULATE THE TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT.
KTOTAL = KF + KP
CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM FLUID RATE FOR THE INLET AND OUTLET
PRESSURES, psia.
Cl = 1335.6,(ID*,2)
C2 = SQRT(RHO/(KTOTAL+(2.0*ALOG(PI/P2))))*SQRT((PI**2-P2**2)/PI)
G = CI*C2
CALCULATE THE FLUID'S REYNOLDS NUMBER AT THE MAXIMUM FLOW
RE = (6.31*G)/(D*VIS)
CALCULATE THE FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.
VG = (0.0509*G)/(RHO*ID**2)
CALCULATE THE SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec.
VS = 223.0*SQRT((RATIOK*T)/MW)
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CALCULATE THE INLET MACH NUMBER
MACH = VG/VS
CALCULATE THE EXIT MACH NUMBER FOR ISOTHERMAL FLOW
i.e. THE MACH NUMBER AT CRITICAL CONDITION.
MACR = 1.0/SQRT(RATIOK)
CHECK WHETHER FLUID FLOW IS SUBSONIC, SONIC OR SUPERSONIC
IF (MACH .LT. MACR) THEN
IR = 1
REGIME(IR) = REG(IR)
GO TO i0
ELSEIF (MACH .EQ. MACR) THEN
IR = 2
REGIME(IR) = REG(2)
GO TO i0
ELSEIF (MACH .GT. MACR) THEN
IR = 3
REGIME(IR) = REG(3)
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE CRITICAL PRESSURE AT SONIC CONDITION
USING CROCKER'S EQUATION, psia.
SG = MW/29.0
R = 1544.0/(29.0,SG)
PC = (G/(II400.0*ID**2))*SQRT((R*T)/(RATIOK*(RATIOK+I.0)))
T = T - 460.0
RETURN
END
***************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM PRINTS THE RESULTS OF THE MAXIMUM COMPRESSIBLE
FLUID FLOW ONTO A PRINTER.
***************************************************************
SUBROUTINE OUT1 (ID, LST, PFF, KF, Z, T, MW, G, PI, P2,
* RATIOK, VIS)
CHARACTER*I0, REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON/DATA1/ D, RE
COMMON~DATA2~
RHO, DELP
COMMON/DATA3/ VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON~DATA4~
KP, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATA5/ REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST, KF, KP, KTOTAL, MW, MACH, MACR
WRITE (i, 140) ID, LST, G, RHO, PFF, Z, T, MW, RATIOK, VIS
FORMAT (5X,'PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch:', T60, F8.3,/,
1
5X,'STRAIGHT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F8.3,/,
2 5X,'MAXIMUM FLUID FLOWRATE, ib/h.:', T60, FI0.2,/,
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3 5X,'FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3: ' , T60, F8.3,/,
4
5X,'PIPE FRICTION FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
5 5X,'FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
6
5X,'FLUID TEMPERATURE, oF:', T60, F8.3,/,
7 5X,'FLUID MOLECULAR WEIGHT, Mw:', T60, F8.3,/,
8 5X,'RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES, Cp/Cv:',T60,
9 F8.3,/,
* 5X,'FLUID VISCOSITY, cP:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE (I, 150) KP, KF, KTOTAL
FORMAT (5X, 'RESISTANCE COEFF. DUE TO FRICTIONAL LOSS:',T60,
1 F8.3,/,5X,'RESISTANCE COEFF. DUE TO FITTINGS + VALVES:'
2 T60, F8.3 /,5X,'TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT:',T60,F8.3)
WRITE (1,160) PI, P2, DELP
FORMAT (5X,'INLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3,/,
1 5X,'OUTLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3,/,
2 5X,'PRESSURE DROP, psi:', T60, F9.3)
WRITE (i, 170) VG, VS, MACH, MACR
FORMAT (5X,'FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.:', T60, F9.3,/,
1 5X,'FLUID SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec.:', T60, F9.3,/,
2
5X,'MACH MUMBER AT INLET:', T60, F8.4,/,
3
5X,'MACH NUMBER AT CRITICAL CONDITION:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE (I, 180) RE, PC
FORMAT (5X,'REYNOLDS NUMBER:', T60, FI0.0/,
1 5X,'CRITICAL PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3)
WRITE (I, 190) REGIME(IR)
FORMAT (5X,'FLUID FLOW IS:', T60, AI0)
WRITE (i, 200)
FORMAT (78(IH-))
FORM FEED THE PRINTING PAPER TO TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE.
WRITE (I, *) CHAR(12)
RETURN
END
229
PROGRAM PROG34
*********************************************************************
* THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE PRESSURE DROP OF A *
* COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FOR A GIVEN FLUID FLOW RATE, PIPE SIZE *
* AND FLUID FLOW CHARACTERISTICS. *
*********************************************************************
*********************************************************************
* NOMENCLATURE *
* A = PIPE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA, ft^2. *
* d = PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch. *
* D = PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, ft. *
* FD = DARCY FRICTION FACTOR *
* g = ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY, 32.2 ft/sec^2. *
* g = CONVERSION FACTOR (32.174 (ibm/ibf)(ft/s^2) *
* C *
* KF = RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS+VALVES *
* KP = RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FRICTION *
* KTOTAL = TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT *
* LST = LENGTH OF STRAIGHT PIPE, ft. *
* MW = MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FLUID (ib/ib mol.) *
* P1 = INLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia. *
* P2 = OUTLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia. *
* DELP = PRESSURE DROP (PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO *
* POINTS), psi. *
* PR = PIPE ROUGHNESS (i.e. PR=0.00015ft.) *
* R = MOLAR GAS CONSTANT (10.73 psia.ft^3/R.Ib mole) *
* = 1544 ibf.ft/oR, ib mole *
* SG = MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GAS/MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF AIR *
* T = FLUID TEMPERATURE: DEG.F *
* VG = FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec. *
* VS = FLUID SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec. *
* RHO = FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3. *
* VIS = FLUID VISCOSITY, cP *
* Z = FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR (Z=I) *
*********************************************************************
CHARACTER*IO REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON/DATA1/ D, RE, FD
COMMON~DATA2~
RHO, DELP
COMMON~DATA3~
VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON~DATA4~
KF, KP, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATA5/ REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST, KF, KP, MW, MACH, MACR, KTOTAL
FLOW PATTERNS IN COMPRESSIBLE ELOW IN A PIPE (Subsonic, Sonic
Supersonic).
DATA REG/'SUBSONIC ', 'SONIC ', 'SUPERSONIC'/
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C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
18
120
19
130
C
20
C
999
OPEN THE DATA FILE.
OPEN (UNIT = 3, FILE = 'DATA34.DAT', STATUS = 'OLD', ERR = 18)
OPEN FILE FOR PRINTING THE RESULTS.
OPEN (UNIT = i, FILE = 'PRN')
WRITE (i, I00)
FORMAT (///,10X,'COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW CALCULATIONS IN A',\)
WRITE (i, II0)
FORMAT (' PIPE LINE',/78(IH*))
READ IN THE DATA
READ THE PIPE INSIDE DIAMETER, inch: ID
READ THE STRAIGHT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft: LST
READ THE FLUID FLOW RATE, Ib/hr.: W
READ THE RESISTANCE COEFF. DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS (e.g. BENDS,
VALVES, ENTRANCE AND EXIT LOSSES): KF
READ THE FLUID VISCOSITY, cP: VIS
READ THE FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR: Z
READ THE FLUID TEMPERATURE, oF: T
READ THE FLUID MOLECULAR WEIGHT: MW
READ THE PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft: PRI
READ THE RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES, Cp/Cv: RATIOK
READ THE FLUID INLET PRESSURE, psia: P1
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) ID, LST, W, KF
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) VIS, Z, T, MW
READ (3, *, ERR=I9) PRI, RATIOK, P1
GO TO 20
WRITE (*, 120)
FORMAT (LX, 'DATA FILE DOES NOT EXIST')
GO TO 999
WRITE (*, 130)
FORMAT (5X, 'ERROR MESSAGE IN THE DATA VALUE')
GO TO 999
THIS CALLS FOR THE PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION
CALL CALC2 (ID, LST, W, VIS, Z, T, MW, PRI, RATIOK, PI, P2)
THIS CALLS FOR THE RESULTS TO BE PRINTED.
CALL OUT2 (ID, LST, W, Z, T, MW, RATIOK, VIS, PRI, PI, P2)
CLOSE (3, STATUS = 'KEEP')
CLOSE (i)
STOP
END
231
*******************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE PRESSURE DROP OF A COMPRESSIBLE FLUID
FOR A GIVEN FLOW RATE AND FLUID SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS.
SUBROUTINE CALC2 (ID, LST, W, VIS, Z, T, MW, PRI, RATIOK,
Pl, P2)
CHARACTER*I0, REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON~DATA1~
D, RE, FD
COMMON~DATA2~
RHO, DELP
COMMON~DATA3~
VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON/DATA4/ KF, KP, KTOTAL
COMMON/DATAL/
REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST, KF, KP, KTOTAL, MW, MACH, MACR
PR = 0.00015
T = T + 460.0
PI = 3.1415927
CALCULATE THE PIPE AREA, ft^2.
D = ID/12.0
AREA = (PI*D*D)/4.0
CALCULATE
THE INLET FLUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3.
RHO = (PI*MW)/(IO.72*T*Z)
CHECK WHETHER THE PIPE ROUGHNESS IS FOR CARBON STEEL
i.e. PR = 0.00015ft
IF (PR .NE. PRI) THEN
PR = PRI
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE FLUID'S REYNOLDS NUMBER
RE = (6.31*W)/(ID*VIS)
IF (RE .GT. 2000.0) THEN
A1 = ((PR/D)/3.7+(6.7/RE)**0.9)
B1 = -4.0*ALOGI0((PR/(3.7*D))-(5.02/RE)*ALOGIO(AI))
FD = 4.0/BI*,2
ELSE
FD = 64.0/RE
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT DUE TO PIPE FRICTION
KP = (FD*LST)/D
CALCULATE THE TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT
(i.e. FRICTIONAL LOSS + PIPE FITTINGS)
KTOTAL = KP + KF
CALCULATE THE OUTLET PRESSURE OF THE FLUID, psia.
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Cl = 1335.6"(ID*'2)
C2 = (W**2*PI*KTOTAL)/(CI**2*RHO)
P2 = SQRT(PI**2-C2)
CALCULATE THE PRESSURE DROP, psi.
DELP = P1 - P2
CALCULATE THE FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.
VG = (0.0509*W)/(RHO*ID**2)
CALCULATE THE SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec.
VS = 223.0*SQRT((RATIOK*T)/MW)
CALCULATE THE INLET MACH NUMBER
MACH = VG/VS
CALCULATE THE EXIT MACH NUMBER FOR ISOTHERMAL FLOW
i.e. THE MACH NUMBER AT CRITICAL (CHOKING) CONDITION.
MACR = 1.0/SQRT(RATIOK)
CHECK WHETHER FLUID FLOW IS SUBSONIC, SONIC OR SUPERSONIC
IF (MACH .LT. MACR) THEN
IR = 1
REGIME(IR)=REG(IR)
GO TO i0
ELSEIF (MACH .EQ. MACR) THEN
IR = 2
REGIME(IR)=REG(2)
GO TO i0
ELSEIF (MACH .GT. MACR) THEN
IR = 3
REGIME(IR)=REG(3)
ENDIF
CALCULATE THE CRITICAL PRESSURE AT SONIC CONDITION
USING CROCKER'S EQUATION, psia.
SG = MW/29.0
R = 1544.0/(29.0-SG)
PC = (W/(II400.0*ID**2))*SQRT((R*T)/(RATIOK*(RATIOK+I.O)))
T = T -
460.0
RETURN
END
***************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM PRINTS THE RESULT& OF THE MAXIMUM COMPRESSIBLE
FLUID FLOW ONTO A PRINTER.
***************************************************************
SUBROUTINE OUT2 (ID, LST, W, Z, T, MW, RATIOK, VIS, PRI, PI, P2)
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CHARACTER*IO, REGIME(3), REG(3)
COMMON~DATA1~
D, RE, FD
COMMON/DATA2/ RHO, DELP
COMMON~DATA3~
VG, VS, MACH, MACR, PC
COMMON~DATA4~
KF, KP, KTOTAL
COMMON~DATA5~
REG, REGIME, IR
REAL ID, LST, MW, KF, KP, KTOTAL, MACH, MACR
WRITE (i, 140) ID, LST, W, RHO, VIS, PRI, Z, T, MW, RATIOK
FORMAT (5X,'PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch:', T60, F8.3,/,
1
5X,'STRAIGHT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F8.3,/,
2 5X,'FLUID FLOWRATE, ib/h.:', T60, FI0.2,/,
3 5X,'FLUID DENSITY, Ib/ft^3: ' , T60, F8.3,/,
4 5X,'FLUID VISCOSITY, cP:', T60, F8.4,/,
5
5X,'PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft.:', T60, F8.3,/,
6
5X'FLUID COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
7
5X,'FLUID TEMPERATURE, oF:', T60, F8.3,/,
8
5X,'FLUID MOLECULAR WEIGHT, Mw:', T60, F8.3,/,
9 5X,'RATIO OF SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES, Cp/Cv:',T60,F8.3)
WRITE (i, 150) KP, KF, KTOTAL
FORMAT (5X,'RESISTANCE COEFF. DUE TO FRICTIONAL LOSS:',T60,
F8.3,/,5X,'RESISTANCE COEFF. DUE TO FITTINGS + VALVES:',
T60, F8.3 /,5X,'TOTAL RESISTANCE COEFFICIENT:', T60, F8 3)
WRITE (i, 160) PI, P2, DELP
FORMAT (5X,'INLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3,/,
1 5X,'OUTLET FLUID PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3,/,
2 5X,'PRESSURE DROP, psi:', T60, F9.3)
WRITE (i, 170) VG, VS, MACH, MACR
FORMAT (5X,'FLUID VELOCITY, ft/sec.:', T60, F9.3,/,
1 5X,'FLUID SONIC VELOCITY, ft/sec.:', T60, F9.3,/,
2
5X,'MACH MUMBER AT INLET:', T60, F8.4,/,
3
5X,'MACH NUMBER AT CRITICAL CONDITION:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE (i, 180) FD, RE
FORMAT (5X,'DARCY FRICTION FACTOR:',T60, F8.4,/,
5X,'REYNOLDS NUMBER:', T60, FI0.0)
WRITE (i, 190) PC, VIS
FORMAT (5X,'CRITICAL PRESSURE, psia:', T60, F9.3,/,
5X,'FLUID VISCOSITY, cP:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE (i, 200) REGIME(IR)
FORMAT (5X, 'FLUID FLOW IS:', T60, AI0)
WRITE (i, 210)
FORMAT (78(IH-))
FORM FEED THE PRINTING PAPER TO TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE.
WRITE (I, *) CHAR(12)
RETURN
END
234
PROGRAM PROG35
*THIS PROGRAM USES THE GENERAL METHOD OF LOCKHART AND MARTINELLI *
*COUPLED WITH OVID BAKER'S TWO-PHASE FLOW CORRELATIONS TO DETERMINE *
*THE TWO-PHASE PRESSURE DROP IN PROCESS PIPE LINES. THE PROGRAM *
*ASSUMES THAT THE TWO-PHASE FLOW IS ISOTHERMAL AND TURBULENT IN BOTH *
*LIQUID AND VAPOR PHASES, AND THAT THE PRESSURE LOSS IS NOT MORE *
*THAN i0 PER CENT OF THE ABSOLUTE UPSTREAM PRESSURE. *
*THE PROGRAM USES THE EXPLICIT EQUATIONS FOR FRICTION FACTOR *
*DEVELOPED BY CHEN. IN ADDITION, THE PROGRAM DETERMINES WHETHER *
*EROSION AND CORROSION IN THE PIPE MAY OCCUR. *
* NOMENCLATURE *
* RE = REYNOLDS NUMBER *
* Wx = LIQUID OR GAS FLOW, ib/h. *
* ID = PIPE INSIDE DIAMETER, inch. *
* VIS = VISCOSITY OF LIQUID OR GAS, cP. *
* FF = FRICTION FACTOR *
* DELTP = PRESSURE DROP OF LIQUID OR GAS IF FLOWING IN THE PIPE *
* ALONE, psi/100 ft. *
* DEN = DENSITY OF LIQUID OR GAS, ib/ft^3. *
* PR = PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft. *
* VEL = VELOCITY OF FLUID IN PIPE, ft/s. *
* DENG = GAS DENSITY, ib/ft^3. *
* DENL = LIQUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3. *
* WG = GAS FLOW, Ib/h. *
* WL = LIQUID FLOW, Ib/h. *
* A = CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF PIPE, ft^2. *
* VISL = VISCOSITY OF LIQUID, cP. *
* VISG = VISCOSITY OF VAPOUR, cP. *
* ST = SURFACE TENSION OF LIQUID, dyne/cm. *
* AO-A3 = CONSTANTS FOR TWO-PHASE MODULUS EQUATION *
* Hx = HUNTINGTON CORRELATION *
* FH = HUNTINGTON FRICTION FACTOR *
* XD = DAVIS TWO-PHASE CORRELATION=X IN DISPERSED FLOW EQUATION *
* P = PARACHOR FOR HYDROCARBON *
* MW = MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF HYDROCARBON *
* BX =
BAKER'S PARAMETER IN THE LIQUID-PHASE *
* BY =
BAKER'S PARAMETER IN THE VAPOR-PHASE *
* PR = ABSOLUTE ROUGHNESS OF PIPE WALL, ft. *
* K = VELOCITY HEAD TO DUE PIPE FITTINGS. *
* YG = TWOPHASE FLOW MODULUS. *
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON/OVID1/ WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID2/ WG, VISG, DENG
COMMON~OVID3~
ID, D, PR
COMMON/OVID4/ DPST
COMMON/OVID5/ DPW
COMMON/OVID6/ DPP
COMMON/OVID7/ DPSL
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COMMON/OVID8/ DPB
COMMON/OVID9/ DPAN
COMMON/OVID10/ DPD
COMMON/OVIDII/
DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON~OVID12~
X, VEL
COMMON~OVID13~
BX, BY
COMMON/OVID14/ REL, LFF, REGG, GFF
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL ID, L, LEQ, LFF, LST, K
THE FLOW REGIMES FOR TWO-PHASE FLOWS ARE:
Stratified, Wave, Plug, Slug, Bubble, Annular, Dispersed
DATA REG /'STRATIFIED', 'WAVE ' 'PLUG ', 'SLUG
'BUBBLE ', 'ANNULAR ', 'DISPERSED '/
OPEN THE DATA FILE.
OPEN (UNIT = 3, FILE = 'DATA35.DAT', STATUS = 'OLD', ERR = 18)
OPEN FILE FOR PRINTING THE RESULTS.
OPEN (UNIT = i, FILE = 'PRN')
WRITE ( i, i00)
FORMAT (///, 10X, "TWO-PHASE PRESSURE LOSS CALCULATION IN A' ,\)
WRITE (i, ii0)
FORMAT (' PIPE LINE', /78(IH*) )
READ IN THE DATA IN DATAFILE
READ THE PIPE INSIDE DIAMETER, inch: ID
READ THE STRAIGHT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.: LST
READ THE LIQUID FLOW RATE, ib/hr.: WL
READ THE LIQUID VISCOSITY, cP: VISL
READ THE LIQUID DENSITY, ib/ft^3.: DENL
READ THE LIQUID SURFACE TENSION, dyne/cm.: ST
READ THE GAS FLOW RATE, ib/hr.: WG.
READ THE GAS VISCOSITY, cP: VISG.
READ THE GAS DENSITY, ib/ft^3.:
READ THE PIPE ROUGHNESS, ft.: PRI
READ THE VELOCITY HEAD DUE TO PIPE FITTINGS (e.g. bends, valves
otherwise give the default value of zero): K
READ (3, *
READ (3, *
READ (3, *
GO TO 20
, ERR=I9) ID, LST, WL, VISL
, ERR=I9) DENL, ST, WG, VISG
, ERR=I9) DENG, PRI, K
236