Coker A.K. Fortran Programs for Chemical Process Design, Analysis, and Simulation
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WRITE (*, 120)
FORMAT (5X, 'DATA FILE DOES NOT EXIST')
GO TO i000
WRITE (*, 130)
FORMAT (5X, 'ERROR MESSAGE IN THE DATA VALUE')
GO TO i000
LEQ = 0.0
FACTOR = 0.0
PR = 0.00015
PI = 3.1415927
CALCULATE THE PIPE AREA, ft^2.
D = ID/12.0
AREA = (PI*D*D)/4.0
CHECK WHETHER THE PIPE ROUGHNESS IS CARBON STEEL (i.e. PR=0.O0015 ft)
IF (PR .NE. PRI) THEN
PR = PRI
ENDIF
DETERMINE THE FLOW REGIME FROM THE BAKER MAP
CALL BAKER
CALCULATE THE EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE DUE TO FITTINGS, ft.
LEQ = (K*D)/LFF
CALCULATE THE TOTAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.
L = LST + LEQ
*****************************************************************
* CONSIDER WHETHER PIPE EROSION/CORROSION MAY OCCUR *
*****************************************************************
CALCULATE THE SUPERFICIAL LIQUID AND GAS VELOCITIES, ft/sec.
UL = WL/(DENL*AREA*3600.O)
UG = WG/(DENG*AREA*3600.O)
CALCULATE VELOCITY OF THE MIXTURE
UM = UL + UG
CALCULATE DENSITY OF THE MIXTURE
DENM = (WL + WG)/((WL/DENL) +(WG/DENG))
CALCULATE THE INDEX FOR EROSIO~
FACTOR
= FACTOR +
DENM*(UM**2)
237
C1 = 17578.98/(BX**0.6548)
IF (BY .GT. CI) THEN
GO TO 30
ELSE
C2 = 5866.07/(BX**0.1901)
ENDIF
IF (BY .GT. C2) THEN
GO TO 35
ENDIF
C
FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE
C MODULUS
CALL STRAT (YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
C
USING THE REGIME FOR WAVE FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE MODULUS
35 CALL WAVE (YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
30 C5 = 2126105.0/(BX**I.0173)
IF (BY .GT. C5) THEN
GO TO 40
ELSE
C6 = 2491.41/(BX**0.2189)
ENDIF
IF (BY .GT. C6) THEN
GO TO 41
ENDIF
C USING THE REGIME FOR PLUG FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE FLOW
C MODULUS.
CALL PLUG (YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
41 C4 = 10.7448-(I.6265*ALOG(BX))+(0.2839*(ALOG(BX))**2)
C4 = EXP(C4)
IF (BY .ST. C4) THEN
GO TO 45
ELSE
ENDIF
C USING THE REGIME FOR SLUG FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE FLOW
C MODULUS.
CALL SLUG (YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
40 IF (BX .GT. 150.0) THEN
238
50
45
C
C
55
999
i000
GO TO 50
ELSE
GO TO 45
ENDIF
USING THE REGIME FOR BUBBLE FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE FLOW
MODULUS.
CALL BUBBLE ~YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
C3 = II.3976-(0.6084*ALOG(BX))+(0.0779*(ALOG(BX))**2)
C3 = EXP(C3)
IF (BY .GT. C3) THEN
GO TO 55
ELSE
ENDIF
USING THE REGIME FOR ANNULUS FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE FLOW
MODULUS.
CALL ANNUL (YG, REGIME, IR)
GO TO 999
USING THE REGIME FOR DISPERSED FLOW, DETERMINE THE TWO-PHASE FLOW
MODULUS.
CALL DISPER (YG, REGIME, IR)
CALL OUTPUT (WL, REL, LFF, DELTPL, WG, REGG, GFF, DELTPG, BX,
BY, YG, FACTOR, IR, REGIME, DELTP, DELTPT)
CLOSE (3, STATUS = 'KEEP')
CLOSE (i)
STOP
END
*******************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM USES THE SEMI-EMPIRICAL METHOD OF LOCKHART-
MARTINELLI FOR CALCULATING THE PRESSURE DROP OF EITHER THE LIQUID
OR THE GAS PHASE FLOW IN A PIPELINE
SUBROUTINE BAKER
COMMON~OVID1~
WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID2/ WG, VISG, DENG
COMMON~OVID3~
ID, D, PR
COMMON~OVID11~
DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON~OVID12~
X, VEL
COMMON/OVID13/ BX, BY
COMMON~OVID14~
REL, LFF, REGG, GFF
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL ID, L, LEQ, LST, LFF
239
20
30
50
60
CALCULATE THE LIQUID REYNOLDS NUMBER THROUGH PIPE AND THE
FRICTION FACTOR OF THE PIPE.
REL = (6.31*WL)/(ID*VISL)
IF (REL .LE. 2100.0) THEN
GO TO 20
ELSE
A1 = ((PR/D)/3.7+(6.7/REL)**0.9)
B1 = -4.0*ALOGI0((PR/(3.7*D))-(5.02/REL)*ALOGI0(AI))
LFF = 4.0/BI*'2
ENDIF
GO TO 30
LFF = 64.0/REL
CALCULATE LIQUID PRESSURE DROP OF THE PIPE
DELTPL = (0.000366*LFF*(WL**2))/((ID**5)*DENL)
CALCULATE THE GAS REYNOLDS NUMBER THROUGH PIPE AND THE FRICTION
FACTOR OF THE PIPE.
******************************************************************
REGG = (6.31*WG)/(ID*VISG)
IF ( REGG .LE. 2100.07 THEN
GO TO 50
ELSE
A2 = ((PR/D)/3.7+(6.7/REGG)**0.9)
B2 = -4.0*ALOGI0((PR/(3.7*D))-(5.02/REGG)*ALOGI0(AI))
GFF = 4.0/B2"'2
ENDIF
GO TO 60
GFF = 64.0/REGG
CALCULATE THE GAS PRESSURE DROP OF THE PIPE
DELTPG = (0.000366*GFF*(WG**2))/((ID**5)*DENG)
******************************************************************
LOCKHART-MARTINELLI TWO-PHASE FLOW MODULUS
******************************************************************
X = SQRT(DELTPL/DELTPG)
CALCULATE THE VELOCITY OF THE TWO-PHASE MIXTURE IN THE PIPE
VEL = (0.0509/(ID**2))*((WG/DENG)+(WL/DENL))
.................. ********************************************
CALCULATE BAKER'S
******************************************************************
VAL3 = SQRT(DENL*DENG)/(DENL**(2./3.))
VAL4 = (VISL**(I./3.))/ST
BX = 531.0*(WL/WG)*VAL3*VAL4
240
BY = 2.16*(WG/AREA)/SQRT(DENL*DENG)
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR STRATIFIED FLOW REGIME
SUBROUTINE STRAT (YGST, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON~OVID1~
WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID4/ DPST
COMMON/OVID11/ DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON~OVID12~
X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL LEQ, LST, L
IR = 1
VAL5 = 15400.0"X
VAL6 = (WL/AREA)**0.8
YGST = (VAL5/VAL6)**2
DPST = DELTPG*YGST
DELTP = DPST
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(1)
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR WAVE FLOW REGIME.
SUBROUTINE WAVE (YGW, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON/OVID1/ WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID2/ WG, 9ISG, DENG
COMMON/OVID3/ ID, D, PR
COMMON/OVID5/ DPW
COMMON/OVID11/ DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA,FH
REAL ID, LEQ, LST, L
IR = 2
HX = (WL/WG)*(VISL/VISG)
VAL7 = (0.2111*ALOG(HX))-3.993
FH = EXP(VAL7)
DPW = (0.000366*FH*(WG**2))/((ID**5)*DENG)
YGW = 0.0
241
DELTP = DPW
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(2)
RETURN
END
*****************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR PLUG FLOW REGIME.
*****************************************************************
SUBROUTINE PLUG (YGP, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON~OVID1~
WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID6/ DPP
COMMON~OVID11~
DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID12/ X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL LEQ, LST, L
IR = 3
VAL8 = 27.315"(X)**0.855
VAL9 = (WL/AREA)**0.17
YGP = (VAL8/VAL9)**2
DPP = DELTPG*YGP
DELTP = DPP
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(3)
RETURN
END
******************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR SLUG FLOW REGIME.
******************************************************************
SUBROUTINE SLUG (YGSL, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON~OVID1~
WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID7/ DPSL
COMMON/OVID11/ DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID12/ X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL LEQ, LST, L
IR = 4
VALI0 = I190.0"(X)**0.815
VALII = (WL/AREA)**0.5
YGSL = (VALI0/VALII)**2
DPSL = DELTPG*YGSL
242
DELTP = DPSL
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(4)
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR BUBBLE FLOW REGIME.
SUBROUTINE BUBBLE (YGB, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON~OVID1~
WL, VISL, DENL, ST
COMMON/OVID8/ DPB
COMMON~OVID11~
DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID12/ X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON~OVID16~
LEQ, LST, L
COMMON AREA
REAL LEQ, LST, L
IR = 5
VALI2 = 14.2"(X**0.75)
VALI3 = (WL/AREA)**0.1
YGB = (VALI2/VALI3)**2
DPB = DELTPG*YGB
DELTP = DPB
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(5)
RETURN
END
******************************************************************
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR ANNULAR FLOW REGIME.
*****************************************************************
SUBROUTINE ANNUL (YGAN, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON/OVID3/ ID, D, PR
COMMON/OVID9/ DPAN
COMMON/OVID11/ DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID12/ X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
REAL ID, LEQ, LST, L
IR = 6
IF (ID .GT. 12.0) THEN
GO TO 5
ELSE
Cl = 4.8-0.3125"ID
C2 = 0.343-0.021"ID
243
15
ENDIF
GO TO 15
D = i0.0
C1 = 4.8-0.3125"D
C2 = 0.343-0.021"D
VALI4 = CI*(X**C2)
YGAN = VALI4**2
DPAN = DELTPG*YGAN
DELTP = DPAN
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(6)
RETURN
END
THIS PROGRAM CALCULATES THE TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS AND PRESSURE
DROPS FOR DISPERSED FLOW REGIME.
******************************************************************
SUBROUTINE DISPER (YGD, REGIME, IR)
CHARACTER*IO REGIME(7),REG(7)
COMMON/OVID10/ DPD
COMMON/OVID11/ DELTPL, DELTPG, DELTP, DELTPT
COMMON/OVID12/ X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
REAL LEQ, LST, L
IR = 7
A0 = 1.4659
A1 = 0.4914
A2 = 0.0489
A3 = -0.0003487
VALI5 = A0+AI*ALOG(X)+A2*(ALOG(X))**2+A3*(ALOG(X))**3
YGD = (EXP(VALI5))**2
DPD = DELTPG*YGD
DELTP = DPD
DELTPT = DELTP*L/100.0
REGIME(IR) = REG(7)
RETURN
END
******************************************************************
* THIS PROGRAM PRINTS THE RESULTS OF THE TWO-PHASE FLOW *
******************************************************************
SUBROUTINE OUTPUT (WL, REL, LFF, DELTPL, WG, REGG, GFF, DELTPG,
1 BX, BY, YG, FACTOR, IR, REGIME, DELTP, DELTPT)
CHARACTER*I0 REGIME(7), REG(7)
COMMON/OVID3/ ID, D, PR
COMMON~OVID12~
X, VEL
COMMON/OVID15/ REG
244
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170
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190
200
210
220
230
240
COMMON/OVID16/ LEQ, LST, L
COMMON FH
REAL ID, LEQ, LST, L, LFF
WRITE (
FORMAT
i, 140) ID, LEQ, LST, L
(5X,'PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER, inch:', T60, F9.3,/,
5X,'EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F9.3,/,
5X,'ACTUAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F9.3,/,
5X,'TOTAL LENGTH OF PIPE, ft.:', T60, F9.3)
WRITE (
FORMAT
i, 150) WL, REL, LFF, DELTPL
(5X,'LIQUID FLOWRATE, ib/hr.:', T60, F12.3,/,
5X,'LIQUID REYNOLDS NUMBER:', T60, FI2.0,/,
5X,'LIQUID FRICTION FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
5X,'PRESSURE DROP OF LIQUID, psi/100ft.:', T60,F8.4)
WRITE (
FORMAT
i, 160) WG, REGG, GFF, DELTPG
(5X,'GAS FLOW RATE, Ib/hr.:', T60, F12.3,/,
5X,'GAS REYNOLDS NUMBER:', T60, FI2.0,/,
5X,'GAS FRICTION FACTOR:', T60, F8.4,/,
5X,'PRESSURE DROP OF GAS, psi/100ft.:', T60, F8.4)
WRITE (I, 170) REGIME(IR)
FORMAT (5X, 'FLOW REGIME IS: ' ,T60, A)
WRITE (I, 180) X
FORMAT (5X,'LOCKHART-MARTINELLI TWO PHASE FLOW MODULUS:'
T60,F8.4)
WRITE (i, 190) VEL, BX, BY
FORMAT (5X,'VELOCITY OF FLUID IN PIPE, ft./sec.:', T60, F8.3,/,
5X,'BAKER PARAMETER IN THE LIQUID PHASE:', T60, F12.3,/,
5X,'BAKER PARAMETER IN THE GAS PHASE:', T60, F12.3)
IF (YG .EQ. 0.0) THEN
WRITE (i, 200) FH
FORMAT (5X,'HUNTINGTON FRICTION FACTOR:', T60, F8.4)
ELSE
WRITE (i, 210) YG
FORMAT (5X,'TWO-PHASE FLOW MODULUS:'
ENDIF
, T60, F8.4)
WRITE (i, 220) DELTP, DELTPT
FORMAT (5X,'PRESSURE DROP OF TWO-PHASE MIXTURE, psi/100ft:',
1 T60, F8.4,/,
2 5X,'OVERALL PRESSURE DROP OF THE TWO-PHASE MIXTURE, psi:'
3 T60, F8.4)
IF (FACTOR .GT. i0000.0) THEN
WRITE (i, 230) FACTOR
FORMAT (5X,'INDEX', IX, FI0.0, ' IS GREATER THAN i0000',\)
WRITE (i, 240)
FORMAT (' PIPE EROSION IS POSSIBLE')
245
250
260
270
ELSE
WRITE (i, 250) FACTOR
FORMAT (5X,'INDEX',IX, FI0.0, ' IS LESS THAN i0000'\)
WRITE (i, 260)
FORMAT (' PIPE EROSION IS UNLIKELY')
ENDIF
WRITE (i, 270)
FORMAT (78(IH-))
FORM FEED THE PRINTING PAPER TO TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE.
WRITE (i, *) CHAR(12)
RETURN
END
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