
22.
Wilbur Schramm, Jack Lyle, and Edwin B. Parker, Television in the Lives of Our Children
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1961). Резюме по этой теме см. в книге Lowery
and DeFleur, Milestones in Mass Communication Research, 245-70.
23.
Herbert E. Krugman, "The Impact of Television Advertising: Learning without Involve-
ment," in The Process and Effects of Mass Communication, edited by Schramm and Roberts,
485-94.
(Впервые опубликовано в Public Opinion Quarterly 24 (1965): 349-56.) См. также
Krugman, "Memory without Recall, Exposure without Perception," Journal of Advertising
Research 17, no. 4 (1977): 7-12.
24.
William Miller, "A View from the Inside: Brainwaves and Television Viewing," Journalism
Quarterly 62, no. 3 (Autumn 1985): 508-14.
25.
Summary of "Developing Frameworks for Studying Mass Communication," chapter 1 in
Lowery and DeFleur, Milestones in Mass Communication Research, 1-29.
26.
Lowery and DeFleur, Milestones in Mass Communication Research, 151-61.
27.
Brenda Dervin, "Audience as Listener and Learner, Teacher and Confidante: The Sense-
Making Approach," in Public Communication Campaigns, 2d ed., edited bv Ronald E. Rice
and Charles K. Atkin (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1989), 69.
28.
William K. Rawlins, "A Dedicated Analysis of the Tensions, Functions, and Strategic Chal-
lenges of Communication in Young Adult Friendships," in Communication Yearbook 12, ed-
ited by James A. Anderson (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1989), 157-89.
29.
Michael E.
Roloff,
"Communication and Conflict," in Handbook of Communication Science,
edited by Charles R. Berger and Steven H. Chaffee (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications,
1987),
484-536. См. также Charles Watkins, "An Analytical Model of Conflict," Speech
Monographs 41, no. 1 (1974): 1-5.
30.
Stephen W. Littlejohn, Theories of Human Communication, 5th ed. (Belmont, CA: Wad-
sworth Publishing Company, 1996), 252. Хороший обзор коммуникационной теории. См.
также Judee К. Burgoon and Jerold L. Hale, "The Fundamental Topoi of Relational Com-
munication," Communication Monographs 51 (1984): 193 -214.
31.
Littlejohn, Theories of Human Communication, 252.
32.
Marvin E. Shaw and Dennis S. Gouran, "Group Dynamics and Communication," in Human
Communication: Theory and Research, edited bv Gordon L. Dahnke and Glen W. Clatterbuck
(Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1990), 123-55.
33.
Randy Y. Hirokawa, "Group Communication and Decision Making Performance: A Contin-
ued Test of the Functional Perspective," Human Communication Research 14, no. 4
(Summer 1988): 487-515.
34.
Walter Lippmann, "The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads," chapter 1, Public
Opinion (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1922). Перепечатано в The Process and
Effects of Mass Communication, rev. ed., edited by Schramm and Roberts, 265-86.
35.
Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, "The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media,"
Public Opinion Quarterly 36, no. 2 (Summer 1972): 176-87. Первый из множества
материалов об эффектах "формирования повестки дня" СМИ в связи с различными
проблемами в различном окружении.
36.
Maxwell Е. McCombs, Edna Einsiedel, and David Weaver, Contemporary Public Opinion:
Issues and the News (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1991), 12-17.
37.
Там же,
17-21.
38.
Steven H. Chaffee, "The Interpersonal Context of Mass Communication," in Current
Perspectives in Mass Communication Research, vol. 1, edited bv F. Gerald Kline and Phillip
J. Tichenor (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1972), 95-120.
39.
Everett M. Rogers, "Communication and Social Change," in Human Communication: Theory
and Research, edited by Dahnke and Clatterbuck, 259-71.
40.
Там же.
41.
Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, "The Theory of Public Opinion: The Concept of Spiral of Si-
lence," in Communication Yearbook 14, edited by James A. Anderson (Newbury Park, CA:
Sage Publications, 1991), 256-87. Елизабет впервые опубликовала свою теорию в статье
"The Spiral of Silence: A Theory of Public Opinion," Journal of Communication 24, no. 2
(Spring 1974):
43-51,
а позднее — в книге The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion — Our
Social Skin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984).
42.
Lippmann, Public Opinion, 14.
43.
Melvin L. DeFleur and Sandra J. Ball-Rokeach, Theories of Mass Communication, 4th ed.
(New York: Longman, 1982), 226.
44.
David Domke, David P. Fan, Michael Fibison, Dhavan V. Shah, Steven S. Smith, and Mark
D.
Watts, "News Media, Candidates and Issues, and Public Opinion in the 1996 Presidential
Campaign," Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 4 (Winter 1997): 733.