Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)
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DOCUMENT 12 (CA. DECEMBER 1513)
e donation yarlıq cum şartname (dokon’čan’e) sent by
Khan Mengli Giray to King Sigismund
e original document is missing.
Ruthenian copies:
A. RGADA, fond 389 = Litovskaja metrika, no. 7, pp. 490–496 [old folia-
tion: 246b–249b].
A.* 18th-century Latin script transcription: AGAD, Metryka Litewska, no.
193, pp. 329–333.
Published in Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z Tatarszczyzną, pp. 420–422.
Polish 16th-century translation:
1
a) Bibl. Kórn., ms. 222, pp. 106–109; b) Bibl.
Czart., ms. 30 (Teki Naruszewicza), pp. 429–434.
Published in Acta Tomiciana, vol. 3 (Poznań, 1853), pp. 211–212.
Доконьчанье царево, што привежли послы царевы Киидиш а Августын
к Вилни на сеим месеца ѳеврала г҃ [3] ден, индикт в҃ [2]:
Починаем, [Господи],
a
вꙋ Твое имꙗ, которыи жо щасте даеть и
жалꙋеть, Ѡн есть, ино братство наше в правдѣ твердо держати и
слово свое в правде мети, без кождого хитлѧнъства сполнѧти со всим
чистым серцем!
1
e Polish translation, entitled Menligereia Wielkiej Ordy wolnego cara pakta, is
dated ten months later than the time when the Ruthenian copy was probably issued:
“in the month of September of the year 920 aer the departure of Prophet Muham-
mad from this world [sic; it should refer to the Hegira and not Muhammad’s death],
[and of the year] 1514 since the birth of Lord Christ, in the Tatar Horde” (lata po
roku ześcia z świata Mahometa Proroka 920, miesiąca septembra; od narodzenia Pana
Chrystusowego 1514 w Ordzie Tatarskiej). As the Muslim year 920 A.H. lasted from
26 February 1514 till 14 February 1515, the dating according to both calendars seems
to be consistent. Yet, the contents of the Polish version is almost identical with the
Ruthenian one, known to be brought to Vilnius on 3 February 1514. Both versions
list the same four royal envoys, in whose presence the khan took his oath. Perhaps the
Polish translation was made from a duplicate sent by the khan several months aer
the original document? Although the Polish translation is inferior to the Ruthenian
copy (for instance, the translator did not understand the passage about the death of
Djalaleddin Sultan; cf. n. 25 below), it also contains some details that are omitted
in the latter. For instance, Kačybej (Kaczebyej), Majak (Mayak), Novhorod-Sivers’kyj
(Syewierski Nowogrod), and Ryl’sk (Rylsko) are listed among the settlements “granted
to Lithuania” only in the Polish version.
a
Empty space; apparently the term Господи, referring to God, had been elevated
and/or written in dierent color (gold?) in the original, hence it was omitted by the
copyist.
document 12 (ca. december 1513) 595
Великого царѧ Мендликгирѣево слово:
Правое и левое рꙋки темникомъ, и тисѧчником, и сотником, и
десѧтникомъ, и старшому сынꙋ нашому Магмет Кгирею солтанꙋ, и
сынꙋ моемꙋ Ахмат солтанꙋ, а Магмуть Кирею, а Бурнашъ Кирею,
а Мубарекъ Кгирею, и сынов моихъ детемъ солтановымъ, и вланом,
и кнꙗземъ, мꙋръзамъ,
b
и всеи рꙋскои земли городом и местомъ, и
митрополитомъ, и владыкамъ, игуменомъ, и черницомъ, и попом,
c
и кнꙗземъ, и паномь, и боꙗромъ, и мещаномъ, и всему посполству
сполна ведати симь
d
нашимъ листомь, штож з давныхъ часов великии
цари дѧды наши, и великии царь ѡтец наш, коли им кони потны
были, до литовского паньства, до кнꙗзѧ великого Витовта, а потомъ
до великого королѧ Казимера, до кнѧзѧ великого литовского, коли в
нихъ гостемь бывали, великую ласку и честь выдали, городы и места,
и волости, со всими тмами, и пошлинами, и з выходы, со всими сполна
с тыми имѧны писаными, великии цари дꙗди наши, и великии царь
ѡтець наш, пожаловали, ꙗрлыки свои дали были. А после них Богь
нас пожаловал на ѡтца нашого, царѧ, на столцы его царем ѡстали,
ино мы на тыи ꙗрлыки посмотривши, по тому ж и мы пожаловали,
великомꙋ королю Казимерꙋ и великому кнꙗзю ꙗрлык дали есмо. А
потом з Жикгимонтом, королемъ и великимъ кнꙗзем, братом нашим,
приꙗтелем и братомъ стали есмо, и великого посла нашого, Мамꙋшь
влана в головах, и иншихъ послов нашихъ послали есмо. Подьлугь
первых нашихъ ꙗрлыковь по тому ж поновлѧем, ꙗрлыки наши зъ
золотыми печатми приложивши есмо дали.
Ино как в литовскои земли первые короли и великии кнꙗзи
держали, и сес Жикгимонт, король и великии кнꙗзь, брат нашъ,
нехаи держить, и внꙋчата его, вов покои и в целости: Киев со
тмою, и з землꙗми и з водами, з данми, и с пошлинами; Володимер
со тмою, зь землꙗми и з водами, з данми, и с пошлинами;
Великии Лучоскъ со тьмами и со всими приходы; и Смолнескъ
e
со
тьмою, и с приходы и выходы; Полоцько и Витебьско со тмами, и
зь землѧми и з водами, с приходы и выходы; подолска тма зъ землѧми,
з водами, с приходы и выходы; Каменець со тмою, зъ землꙗми, з
водами, с приходы и выходы; браславскаꙗ тма со всими доходы; Сокал
зъ землѧми, з водами, и со всими доходы; Звинегородь из землѧми,
з водами, со всими доходы; почон ѡт Киева города Днепромъ и до
ꙋстѧ; Снепород, Глинескь з людми; Жолваж, Пꙋтивль зь землѧми,
з водами; Бирин, Синеч, Хотин, Лосичи, Хомышль зь землѧми,
з водами, с приходы и выходы; чергиновскаꙗ
f
тма из землѧми, з
водами, с приходы и выходы; курскаꙗ тма; Сарѧева сына Егалтева
тма; Радогощь, Милолюбь со всими их землѧми, з водами, с прыходы
b
e initial stroke is missing thus the initial letter м reminds и.
c
Written erroneously потом.
d
Repeated by error.
e
Written with a metathesis.
f
Written with a metathesis.
596 document 12 (ca. december 1513)
и выходы, а Мужень, Исков; Стародꙋбъ, Бранескь, из землѧми, з
водами, с приходы и выходы; Мченескь, Любѧтескь, Тула-городъ, зъ
землѧми, з водами, с приходы и выходы; Берестеи, Ратно, Козелско,
Пронско, Волконско, Спаш, Донець, из землѧми, з водами, с приходы
и выходы; Дашод-город,
g
Балыклы, Карасꙋл, Чорныи город, Ꙋтешков-
городищо, Тушинь, Немир, ꙋгромскаꙗ тма, Мушал, Ѳедоров-городь,
со всими землѧми и водами, с приходы и выходы; Псков и Великии и
Новгород, резанскаѧ Переꙗславль, тыи в головах, со тмами, з городы
и з селы, з реками и потоками, с приходы и выходы, к литовскому
столцꙋ пожаловали, придали есмо.
Ино длꙗ сих нашихъ справедливыхъ делъ, со мною посполь сын мои
Магьметь Кгиреи солтанъ в головах, Ахмат Кгиреи солтан, Магмет
Кгиреи солтан, Бꙋрнаш солтан, Мꙋбарек Кгиреи солтан, со всими ꙗ
детми своими и з сына моего, Магмет Кгиреꙗ солтановыми детми, и
з ꙋланы и кнꙗзи, и з мꙋрзами порадивши, твердо присѧгнꙋли есмо,
штожь з Жикгимонтом королем, з великимъ кнꙗзем братом нашим,
в братстве и приꙗзни быти, против приꙗтелѧ его приꙗтелем, а
противку неприꙗтелем [sic] его неприꙗтелем маем быти, и до внꙋчат
наших против каждого неприꙗтелѧ неприꙗтелем быти и неприꙗзнь
свою доводити.
А што первеи сего Александра королевых людеи и городы наперед
сего московскии кнꙗзь забрал, тыи вышеи писаныи люди и городы
из сыном своим Магмет Кгиреи солтаном в Бозе надею маемъ, возем,
Жикгимонту королю, великомꙋ кнꙗзю, брату нашомꙋ, ѡтдадим з
божее ласки. Ино со мню сын мои Магмет Кгиреи солтан в головах,
Ахмат Кгиреи, Магмꙋт Кгиреи, Бурнаш Киреи, Мубарек Киреи,
со всими детми, и со всими внꙋчаты, и з ꙋланы, кнꙗзи, и мурзами,
и все великое мое воиско Жикгимонту королю и великому кнꙗзю,
братꙋ нашому, коли будет потреб на кнꙗзѧ моск[овск]ого, маемь
послати Жикгимонтꙋ королю, брату нашому, на помоч. И на иного
неприꙗтелѧ воиска нашого бꙋдет надобѣ, и ѡн до нас мает чоловека
своего прислати, воиска в нас жадаючы; колько бꙋдет емꙋ надобѣ, мы
маем послати Жикгимонту королю, брату нашому, на помоч.
Ино за великого королѧ Казимера, великого кнꙗзꙗ, и за королѧ
Ѡлбрыхта, и за Александра королꙗ, и за вас Жикгимонта королꙗ,
а ꙗ самъ и сын мои Магметъ Кгиреи солтан в головахъ, Ахматъ
Киреи, Магъмут Кгиреи, Бурнаш Киреи, и ѡто всих моих детеи, и
ѡт сына моего, и Магъмет Кгиреи солтановыхъ детеи, и ѡт ꙋланов,
кнезеи, мурзь, и ѡт слуг наших, и ѡт всих подъданых наших, во
всеи лꙗдьскои земли и литовскои вашимъ людемъ лихотꙋ и шкодꙋ
вчинили, воевали, тыи выступы вы Жикгимонт корол, брат наш, маете
то имъ ѡтпустити и не помꙗтати. И мы, великии царъ, брат ваш, тыи
прошлые дела лихии, и первые и последние, вси ѡтпускаемъ, которыи
были. Прошлыи лихие дѣла вы и на мысли своеи не держите, и мы з
мысли своее выпускаем, так ведаите.
g
It should read Дашов-город.
document 12 (ca. december 1513) 597
Ино первеи сего вам Жикгимонту королю, брату нашому, длꙗ верное
приꙗзни и братства знаемости, сына моего Магмет Кгиреи солтанова
сына, Джалалдыин солтана, там послали были есмо. Ино божꙗ волꙗ
так сѧ стала, Бог его с того света собрал. Ино мы царъ, брат ваш,
з вами с королем братом нашимъ, а сын мои Магмет Кгиреи солтан,
здоровы быхмо были, Магмет Кгиреи солтанова ѡдного сына ещо
до вас пошлем, Нарꙋмъ царичана сына, так ведаите. Ино приꙗтели
наши слышавши и видевши то радовати сѧ будꙋт, а неприꙗтели то
слышивши и видевши, ѡчи имъ рострескают сѧ.
Ино мы, великии царъ, брат ваш, съ сыном моимъ Магъмет Кгиреи
солтаномъ, вамъ, великому королю Жикгимонъту, брату нашомꙋ, длꙗ
приꙗзни и братства, и длѧ тых поминков, которыи до нас шлете, нехаи
ваши купцы к нам почол ездѧть безъ кожьдое боꙗзни, и переполохꙋ, и
шкоды. Воземъши сол, до вашое земли едꙋть, а естли бы имъ ѡт наших
людеи котораꙗ шкода была, мы сами хочем им заплатити, ѡт нас им
лиха и шкоды некоторое не будет. А из лꙗдское земли, и литовское,
и з немецкое, и со всих ваших земъль, к нашои земли торговцы ваши
приедꙋт, никоторое им силы, и шкоды, и втиску не будет, доброволне
приедꙋт, а доброволне ѡтедꙋт, нижли подлуг давного ѡбычаꙗ старое
мыто заплативши поедꙋт.
Ино што в сем листе писаные наши слова в правде хочемъ держати,
иначеи не вчиним, такъ ведаите, а тыми разы з великим воиском моим
сына моего, Магмет Кгиреи солтана, на неприꙗтелꙗ вашого московского
пошлем вам на помоч. А тые люди и городы, што московского кнꙗзꙗ
ѡтець ѡт литовское земли ѡтнал был, з божее ласки тые люди и
городы зъ московского кнꙗзѧ рꙋк возем, тобѣ брату нашемꙋ дадим
и литовскои земли столцꙋ, а на каждого неприꙗтелꙗ за ѡдин будем.
Ино ꙗ сам, и сын мои Магмет Кгиреи солтанъ в головахъ, и вси
дети мои солтановѣ, а детеи моих дети солтанове, и вланы, кнези,
и мурзы, вси перед послы вашими, перед паном Станиславомъ
Скиндерем, и перед паном писарем Григоремъ Громыкою, и перед
паном Ꙗцкомъ Ратомскимъ, и перед писарем вашим паномъ Михаилом,
твердо присѧгу вчинили есмо, на то алымъ пꙗтномъ а <з> золотымъ
нишаномъ притоптав послали есмо.
Translation:
e khan’s letter of agreement [dokon’čan’e] brought by the khan’s envoys
Keldish
2
and Augustin
3
to Vilnius for the Diet, on the 3rd of the month of
February, during the 2nd indiction:
4
2
Here referred to as Kijdiš, but his name is correctly spelled on p. 614; apparently
identical with Keldish, son of Cheshmesh (Keldiš, Cešmešov syn), a Crimean noble
listed among those entitled to Muscovian gis in 1515; see Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix
snošenij, vol. 2, index, column 47. Keldish Ulan also gured among the ulans and
service beys who swore an oath to keep peace with Muscovy in 1524; see Malinovskij,
“Istoričeskoe sobranie,” p. 415.
3
On Augustino de Garibaldis, a Genovese from Caa in the khan’s service, see
Document 16, n. 18.
4
e second indiction lasted from 1 September 1513 till 31 August 1514.
598 document 12 (ca. december 1513)
We commence in Your name, [oh God,] He who exists, who gives and grants
felicity, and [we promise] to keep our brotherhood rmly and in truth, and
treat our word sincerely, and fulll it without any fraud and with an entirely
pure heart!
5
e word of the great khan Mengli Giray:
To the commanders of tens of thousands [tümens], thousands, hundreds, and
tens of the right and the le hand, to our elder son Mehmed Giray Sultan, to
our son Ahmed Sultan,
6
to Mahmud Giray,
7
Burnash Giray,
8
and Mübarek
Giray,
9
to the children of my sons, the sultans [i.e., princes], to the ulans, beys
[Ruth. knjazem], mirzas, and to the castles and towns of the whole Ruthenian
land, metropolitans, [Orthodox] bishops, heads of Orthodox monasteries [ihu-
mens], monks, [Orthodox] priests, princes, lords, boyars, townsmen, and all
the commoners:
[you ought] to know by our present letter that from the ancient times the
great khans, our grandfathers, and the great khan, our father, when their
horses were growing sweaty [beneath them], [they would come] to Lithuania,
to Grand Duke Vytautas, and then to the great king Casimir, the grand duke
of Lithuania; while they were their guests, they experienced great favor and
reverence, [so in return] the great khans, our grandfathers, and the great khan,
our father, granted [them] the castles, towns, and estates, whose names are
written [below], along with all tümens, taxes, and incomes, and they issued
their yarlıqs [on account of this]. And aer them [i.e., their death], God placed
us on the throne of our father, the khan, and we became the khan; and hav-
ing inspected these [old] yarlıqs, we made our grant accordingly, and we gave
a yarlıq [on account of this] to the great king Casimir, the grand duke. And
thereaer we became friends and brothers with our brother, the king and the
grand duke Sigismund, and we sent our envoy Mamısh Ulan
10
—to begin with,
and our other envoys. [Now,] in accordance with our earlier yarlıqs we renew
[our will], and we have issued our yarlıqs, having stamped them with golden
seals.
5
e original tenor of the Tatar document must have been slightly changed by
the translator; the document from the same year, preserved in the original in Italian,
begins with the invocation: “We commence in the name of God, who gives felicity
[. . .] to those who [. . .] keep brotherhood [. . .] and observe [their] word;” cf. Docu-
ment 16.
6
e second son of Mengli Giray; cf. Document 9, n. 4.
7
e third son of Mengli Giray; cf. Document 9, n. 6.
8
e h son of Mengli Giray; cf. Document 9, n. 8.
9
e sixth son of Mengli Giray and the father of the future khan Devlet Giray;
see Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix snošenij, vol. 2, index, column 62 and Le khanat de
Crimée, p. 88.
10
On Mamısh Ulan, the prominent Crimean noble and the envoy to Lithuania in
1507, see Document 9, n. 12.
document 12 (ca. december 1513) 599
And as the rst kings and grand dukes in Lithuania used to hold, also may
our present brother Sigismund, the king and grand duke, and his grandchil-
dren, hold in peace and in [their] entirety:
– Kiev with its tümen along with lands, waters, levies, and taxes;
– Volodymyr with its tümen along with lands, waters, levies, and taxes;
– Great Luc’k with its tümens [sic] along with all prots;
– Smolensk with its tümen along with prots and incomes;
– Polack and Vicebsk with their tümens along with lands, waters,
prots, and incomes;
– the tümen of Podolia along with lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
– Kamjanec’
11
with its tümen along with lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
– the tümen of Braclav along with all revenues;
– Sokolec’
12
along with lands, waters, and all revenues;
– Zvynyhorod
13
along with lands, waters, and all revenues;
– starting from the town of Kiev along with the Dnieper down to its mouth;
– Sneporod and Hlyns’k along with [their] people;
14
– Žolvaž
15
and Putyvl’ along with lands and waters;
– Byryn, Synec, Xoten’, Losyčy, Xotmyšl along with lands, waters, prots,
and incomes;
16
– the tümen of Černihiv along with lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
– the tümen of Kursk;
– the tümen of Jagoldaj, son of Saraj;
17
– Radogošč’ and Myloljub along with all their lands, waters, prots, and
incomes, Mužeč and Oskol;
18
– Starodub and Brjansk along with lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
– Mcensk, Ljubutsk, and the town of Tula along with lands, waters, prots,
and incomes;
19
– Berestej, Retan’, Kozel’sk, Pronsk, Volkonsk, Spažsk, and Donec along with
lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
20
11
Cf. Document 8, n. 3.
12
Cf. Document 8, n. 4.
13
Cf. Document 8, n. 5.
14
On Sneporod and Hlyns’k, cf. Document 8, notes 8–9.
15
Cf. Document 8, n. 10.
16
On these estates in the region of Putyvl’ and on the rivers Sula and Vorskla, cf.
Document 8, notes 11–15.
17
On this estate, extending between the upper Sejm and the upper Donec rivers,
and its former owner, see Document 8, n. 18.
18
Myloljub, Mužeč and Oskol (corruptly rendered as Iskov in the manuscript)
belonged to the tümen of Jagoldaj (cf. Document 8, notes 18–19) while the town of
Radogošč’ was situated further to the northwest. As the latter did not gure in the
earlier yarlıqs and was registered for the rst time in the present document, appar-
ently by error the scribe entered its name in the wrong place, i.e., between the tümen
of Jagoldaj and Myloljub.
19
On Mcensk, Ljubutsk, and Tula, see Document 8, notes 20–21.
20
On these localities and estates, see Document 8, notes 22–26.
600 document 12 (ca. december 1513)
– the castle of Dašov, Balykly, Karaul, Čornyj Horod,
21
the ruined castle [Ruth.
horodyščo] of Uteškov,
22
Tušyn, Nemyr, the tümen of Uhrom, Mušal, and
the castle of Fedorov
23
along with all lands, waters, prots, and incomes;
– Pskov, Velikij Novgorod, and Perejaslavl’ Rjazan’skij—to begin with, along
with their tümens, with towns and villages, rivers and streams, prots and
incomes—we have granted and appended [all the above localities] to the
Lithuanian throne.
And for the sake of our just deeds [I,] and along with me my son Mehmed
Giray Sultan—to begin with, Ahmed Giray Sultan, Mahmud Giray Sultan,
24
Burnash Giray Sultan, and Mübarek Giray Sultan, having taken counsel with
all my children and the children of my son, Mehmed Giray Sultan, with the
ulans, beys, and mirzas, we have rmly sworn that we should remain in broth-
erhood and friendship with our brother, King Sigismund, the grand duke, we
should be a friend to his friend and an enemy to his enemy, and till [the times
of ] our grandchildren, we should be enemies and prove our enmity towards
any of his enemies.
And as previously the duke [knjaz’] of Muscovy captured a number of people
and towns of King Alexander, we—I with my son Mehmed Giray Sultan—hope,
putting our trust in God, that with the grace of God we will take the above listed
people and towns and restore them to our brother, King Sigismund, the grand
duke. And whenever our brother, the king and grand duke Sigismund, needs
assistance against the duke of Muscovy, I and my son Mehmed Giray Sultan—
to begin with, Ahmed Giray, Mahmud Giray, Burnash Giray, and Mübarek
Giray, along with all children and grandchildren, with ulans, beys, and mirzas,
and with my whole great army, we should send assistance to our brother, King
Sigismund. And if he needs our troops against another enemy, he should send
his man to us, demanding our troops; and we should send assistance to our
brother, King Sigismund, as much as he needs.
21
On these four settlements, situated on the lower Boh and lower Dniester, see
Document 8, notes 28–31.
22
Unidentied, perhaps it refers to Očakiv situated in the place of former Dašov;
cf. Document 8, n. 31. In the yarlıq from 1507 the term horodyščo (“ruined castle”)
referred to Dašov while in the present document Dašov is referred to as a castle or
town (horod). Hence it is possible that the same ruined locality was registered twice
under two names. In fact, since the 1490s the area in question was controlled by the
Tatars who constructed a new castle named Djankerman in the vicinity of the former
Lithuanian castle of Dašov. e new castle was referred to in the Slavic sources as
Očakov (today Očakiv), while in the Ottoman sources as Özü qal‘esi (“the Dnieper
castle”).
23
e last four settlements along with the tümen of Uhrom could not be identied,
but they were apparently situated in lower Podolia, between the Boh and Dniester
rivers, along with other localities listed in the same paragraph. Tušyn, Nemyr, Mušal,
and Fedorov are also registered in the yarlıq from 1507 (cf. Document 8) as Tošyčy,
Nemyr, Mušač, and Xodorov (the last variation is easily explainable since both per-
sonal names Fedor and Xodor stem from the name eodor).
24
Erroneously rendered as Mehmed; cf. n. 7 above and Document 9, n. 6.
document 12 (ca. december 1513) 601
And as regards the harm and damage, and the raids committed during [the
reigns of ] the great king and grand duke Casimir, King [John] Albert, King
Alexander, and yours, King Sigismund, by myself and my son Mehmed Giray
Sultan—to begin with, Ahmed Giray, Mahmud Giray, and Burnash Giray, and
by all my children and the children of my son, Mehmed Giray Sultan, and by
the ulans, beys, mirzas, and our servants, and by all our subjects to your people
in entire Poland and Lithuania, you, our brother, King Sigismund, should for-
give them all these wrongful acts and you should not remember them. Also we,
your brother, the great khan, forgive all the past wrongs, the earlier and the
most recent, that have been done. You should not hold the past wrongs in your
memory, and we release them from our memory, too; thus you should know.
Moreover, formerly we had sent Djalaleddin Sultan,
25
the son of my son,
Mehmed Giray Sultan, to you, our brother King Sigismund, as mark of loyal
friendship and brotherhood. However, God willing, God took him from this
world. May we, your brother, the khan, along with you, our brother, the king,
and my son, Mehmed Giray Sultan, stay healthy; and you should know that we
will send you yet another son of Mehmed Giray Sultan, the son of the princess
[caryča] Nurum.
26
On hearing and seeing this, our friends will rejoice, and our
enemies will go blind.
27
And for the sake of friendship and brotherhood between us, your brother, the
great khan, and my son, Mehmed Giray Sultan, and you, our brother, the great
king Sigismund, and in return for the gis that you send us, let your merchants
travel to us without any fear, anxiety, or damage. Having taken salt, they may
go [back] to your land, and if any damage is done to them by our people, we
want to compensate them ourselves; they will experience no harm or damage
from us. And when your merchants come to our land from Poland, Lithuania,
Germany,
28
and any of your lands, they will experience no violence, damage,
or oppression and they will freely come and go, having only paid the old toll
according to the ancient custom.
25
In 1511 Mengli Giray promised to send his grandson Kemelesh Sultan, the son
of Mehmed Giray, to Lithuania as an honorary hostage to secure peace. As even-
tually Kemelesh did not arrive, in March 1512 his brother, Djalaleddin Sultan, was
sent in his stead; see the letter by Mengli Giray, announcing his arrival, addressed to
Jurij (Jerzy) Mikołajewicz Radziwiłł, the palatine of Kiev, composed in Ruthenian and
preserved in original in Bibl. Czart., ms. 2893, pp. 147–148. Having spent over one
year in Lithuania, Djalaleddin died in Vilnius in 1513; see Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z
Tatarszczyzną, pp. 178–180, 185, 380–381, 396–397, 404, 407; Acta Tomiciana, vol. 2,
pp. 159–160.
26
Nurum, the wife of Mehmed Giray, played an important role in the Crimean
politics and even corresponded with foreign rulers; in 1517 she openly refused to
give yet another son as a hostage to Lithuania; cf. Pamjatniki diplomatičeskix snošenij,
vol. 2, pp. 472-473, 502-503 and index, column 64.
27
Lit. “their eyeballs will crack.”
28
e term z nemeckoe [zemly] (lit. “from the German land”) might refer to Royal
Prussia or any German lands, whose inhabitants arrived in the Crimea from the direc-
tion of Poland-Lithuania; see n. 135 in Part I and Chapter 6 in Part II; cf. also Docu-
ment 19, n. 34.
602 document 12 (ca. december 1513)
And you should know that we want to keep sincerely our words written in
this letter and we will not do otherwise; and this time we will send my son,
Mehmed Giray Sultan, along with a great army, to assist you against your
Muscovian enemy. And as regards the people and towns that the father of the
duke of Muscovy conquered from Lithuania, with the grace of God we will take
these people and towns from the hands of the duke of Muscovy, and we will
restore them to you, our brother, and to the Lithuanian throne; and we will
jointly face any enemy.
And I, and my son Mehmed Giray Sultan—to begin with, and all my chil-
dren, the sultans [i.e., princes], and the children of my children, the sultans, and
the ulans, beys, and mirzas, we have all rmly sworn before your envoys: Pan
Stanisław Skinder,
29
Pan Hryhoryj Hromyka,
30
the scribe, Pan Jacek Ratom-
ski,
31
and Myxajlo,
32
your scribe, and we have sent [this letter of agreement]
having stamped [lit. trodden] it with the red stamp and the golden nişan.
29
Stanisław Skinder, lieutenant of Oster and marshal, sent in missions to the Crimea
in 1511, 1512–1514, and 1516 (Document 17); see Urzędnicy centralni i dostojnicy
WKL, p. 88; Banionis, LDK pasiuntinybių tarnyba, pp. 81, 104–107, 148, 193–195,
251, 372–375, 378–379. In December 1512 he was sent along with Jacek Ratomski in
order to deliver the gis due for that year. He remained in the Crimea until 1514 and
returned along with Hryhoryj Hromyka; cf. n. 30 below.
30
Hryhoryj Hromyka, scribe and steward (ključnyk) of Vilnius, tenant of Svislač,
sent in embassies to Moscow in 1499, 1506, and 1509, and to the Crimea in 1513–1514
and 1514; see Banionis, LDK pasiuntinybių tarnyba, pp. 81, 104, 108, 194, 209–214,
297, 375. Sent to the Crimea in September 1513 along with the royal instruments
of peace (Documents 10–11), he returned to Vilnius on 28 July 1514 with another,
slightly dierent version of the present document (Document 14); cf. Pułaski, Stosunki
Polski z Tatarszczyzną, p. 434.
31
Jacek Ratomski, courtier and castle inspector (horodnyčyj) of Minsk, sent in
missions to the Crimea in 1507, 1508, 1511, 1512–1514, 1514–1515, and 1517; see
Banionis, LDK pasiuntinybių tarnyba, pp. 103–107, 192–196, 251, 372, 379. In Decem-
ber 1512 he was sent along with Stanisław Skinder in order to deliver the gis due
for that year and was detained by the khan. Along with Myxajlo Svynjuska (cf. n. 32
below), he accompanied the Crimean embassy that delivered the present document
to Vilnius. On 23 December 1514 he was again sent to the khan carrying a second
installment of the annual gis; see Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z Tatarszczyzną, pp. 434
and 444–447.
32
Myxajlo Vasyl’evyč Svynjuska, scribe and member of numerous embassies to
the Crimea (1510, 1513–1514, 1514, 1519) and Kazan (1514); see Banionis, LDK
pasiuntinybių tarnyba, pp. 104–107, 148, 163–164, 193–194, 196, 372, 375, 379. Sent to
the Crimea from Mielnik in July 1513, he witnessed the khan’s oath and—along with
Jacek Ratomski (cf. n. 31 above)—accompanied the Crimean embassy that delivered
the present document to Vilnius. In 1514 he was again sent to the Crimea in order to
obtain from the khan a separate peace document for Poland (Document 15).
DOCUMENT 13 (CA. DECEMBER 1513)
e oath by Khan Mengli Giray
Ruthenian copies:
A. RGADA, fond 389 = Litovskaja metrika, no. 7, pp. 504–506 [old folia-
tion: 253b–253*b].
1
A.* 18th-century Latin transcription: AGAD, Metryka Litewska, no. 193,
pp. 337–338.
Published in Pułaski, Stosunki Polski z Tatarszczyzną, p. 423.
Присѧгаю на ал-Хоран, через Бога моего и через Махомета, про-
рока нашого справедливого, присѧги и ѡбетници ховать. Верне естли
не будꙋ держал, нехаи бꙋдꙋ отдалени паниства моего и вѣры законꙋ
махмѣтовего, а нехаи бꙋдꙋ без споможенꙗ Бога моего и Махомета
пророка нашого, тако ꙗко чловик запираючисѧ законꙋ его, и жона
моꙗ нехаи бꙋде вызволена, а ꙗ нехаи будꙋ неверныи поганин.
Дрꙋгии раз присегаю на ал-Хоран и через Бога [прав]дивого,
a
и
через
b
пророка нашого Махомѣта, естли не буду держати присеги и
ѡбетницы, ижбы жадныи мои сын, и мои по мнѣ бꙋдꙋчии, пановал бы
на панстве, на котором ꙗ царюю, але как Бог правдивыи и справедли-
выи, нехаи их скинет съ столца ѡтцовского, а неприѧтели мои нехаи
вчини моего паньства паны и дѣдици.
Ꙗ, Менликгиреи, Великое Ѡрды великии царь, присѧгаю на закон
махмѣтов, през Бога вшехмогꙋцего, и пре[з]
c
сто и двадцать и чотыри
тисѧчи пророков, и през закон махмѣтов, нашого справедливого про-
рока, иж маем быт твоемꙋ, брата нашого королѧ и великого кнꙗзѧ
Жикгимонта, приꙗтелеви приꙗтелем а неприꙗтелеви неприꙗтелемь,
а тобѣ, наꙗсниишому моемꙋ братꙋ, маем помоцни быти во вшелкии
потребе твоеи, а естли бых иначеи вчинил, абы мѧ заразил Бог вшех-
могуцы и закон махмѣтов, и теж тыи сто и двадцат и чотыри тисѧчи
пророки, и теж наш справедливыи пророкъ Махмѣть, абы мои жоны
были в неволи, а ꙗ быхъ был поганиномъ.
Translation:
I swear by the Koran, by my God and by Muhammad, our just prophet, to
keep the oath and promise. If I do not keep it loyally, may I be separated from
1
Erroneous foliation: fol. 253 appears twice.
a
Corrupt; corrected in A*.
b
Written with a metathesis (речез); corrected in A*.
c
Corrected in A*.