Moser A.P., Folkman S. Buried Pipe Design
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steel pipe (Cont.):
pressure pipes, 223, 330
versus PVC, 102–103
spiral ribbed pipe tests
description of, 304–309
low stiffness, 309–327
overview, 302–304
Steel Pipe—A Guide for Design and
Installation, 330–336
stiff springs, 24–25
stiffener phenomenon, 545–546
stiffness
pipe, 23–27, 138
ring, 461
soil, 3–4, 83, 88–92, 138
stinger pipes, 73
storage
explosives, 534–535
pipe, 528–529
storm sewers, 7
strain corrosion, 116
strain limit, 55, 116–118, 404–415
strength, materials, 4–5
stress regression curves, 203
stress relaxation, 96, 397–404
stress risers, 197–198
stress versus number of cycles to failure
(S-N) curves, 210
strict liability doctrine, 540
styrene-rubber (SR) pipe, 507–508
sunburn, 442–443
surge pressure, 186–192
Symposium on Soil-structure Interaction,
139
tapping, 426, 435–441, 459
TBMs (tunnel boring machines),
569–570. See also microtunnel
boring machines
TCMs. See trenchless construction methods
temperature coefficients, 207
temperature effects, 53, 196–197
tension failures, 162
thermoplastic pipe materials
ABS, 205, 505–507
CAB, 507–508
PB, 208, 507–508
PE
buried profile-wall HDPE pipe,
469–505
ESCR test, 467
handling factor, 461–464
HDB requirement for, 467–468
thermoplastic pipe materials,
PE (Cont.):
long-term ductility of, 465–467
NCTL test, 468–469
overview, 459–461
standards for, 205
for pressure pipes, 201–204
PVC
aging of, 415
ASTM specifications for, 205
AWWARF evaluation of, 432–459
frozen-in stresses, 415–418
gravity sewer pipe, 390–397
long-term deflection of, 108
overview, 387–390
pressure pipe, 208, 418–432
strain limit testing of, 404–415
stress relaxation testing of, 398–404
water hammer wave speed, 190
SR, 507–508
thermoset plastic pipe
overview, 508–509
RTR, 225–226, 509–517
thickness, 343, 346–353, 354
three-edge bearing strength, 78, 273–275
thrust, 197, 288
thrust blocks, 240–242
thrust restraint, 238–243
time-versus-deflection curves, 102
traffic lanes, 530
transient pressures, 332
transient surges, 186, 209
transition width ratio, 20–21
transmission pipe, 256, 269
transmission system, 6
transportation, 521–522
trapezoidal loading, 161
trench boxes, 524
trench loads, 222, 339–340
trench shields, 524
trenches
computational diagram for earth
loads on, 14
condition of
flexible pipes, 28–29
rigid pipes, 11–15
exit from, 530
installation soils, 280
parallel, 129
sloped walls, 133
trenching process, 522–525
vertical walls, 129–133
width of, 74–77
Index 599
trenching machines, 532–533
trenchless construction methods (TCMs)
compaction method, 565–569
horizontal auger boring, 565
horizontal directional drilling,
561–563
overview, 549–550
pipe jacking, 569–572
pipe ramming method, 563
utility tunneling, 569–572
trenchless renewal methods (TRMs)
close-fit pipe, 558
cured-in-place pipe, 553
in-line replacement, 557
overview, 550
pipe removal, 557
point source repair, 558–561
requirements for, 551–552
sliplining, 555–556
trenchless technology. See also trenchless
construction methods; trenchless
renewal methods
insituform pipes, 540–549
legal liability for performance, 540
liners, 537–540
microtunneling
jacking forces, 576–578
joints, 578
MTBMs, 580–585
overview, 572–576, 578–580
new installation methods,
550–551
overview, 536–537
TRMs. See trenchless renewal methods
truck loads, 222, 339–340, 342
tunnel boring machines (TBMs),
569–570. See also microtunnel boring
machines
tunnel construction, 21–22
tunnel loading, 29–30
turn-key projects, 539
two-dimensional finite element model,
150
ultimate stress, 288
ultraviolet light, 442, 459
unbalanced loading test, 382
unbonding of cement lining, 358–359
underground heating distribution
systems, 368–384
underground water systems, 2
uniaxial constant-strain tests,
411, 413–415
uniaxial tensile stress relaxation,
402
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS),
3, 65
uniform loads, 161, 280
unloading trenching machines, 533
unloading-reloading modulus, 156
USCS (Unified Soil Classification
System), 3, 65
USU (Utah State University),
213–217, 357
UT (utility tunneling), 569–572
Utah State University (USU),
213–217, 357
utility tunneling (UT), 569–572
VCM (vinyl chloride monomer), 388
VCP (vitrified clay pipe), 78, 257–259,
584
vertical deflection, 84, 90, 309
vertical soil pressure, 169, 171, 173,
175–176, 287
vertical stress, 124
vertical trench walls, 129–133
vibration, 72–73
vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), 388
vinyl ester, 553
vitrified clay pipe (VCP), 78, 257–259,
584
walls
pipe
buckling, 111–115
crushing, 110–111, 291–292, 499
flexible pipe design, 138
stresses and strains, 183–195
trench
sloped, 133
vertical, 129–133
warning signs, 530–531
wastewater systems, overview, 7
water hammer, 186–190, 209, 453
Water Pollution Control Federation
(WPCF), 22
water systems, overview, 6
water table, 76
Watkins, Reynold K., 87, 106,
128, 357
Watkins’s soil-strain theory,
103–106
wave passage, 55–56
weights, 58
welded seam, 294
600 Index
wheel loading
aircraft loads, 38
Boussinesq solution, 33–35
gravity flow pipes, 76
highway and railway loads,
35–38
soil cover
dead loads, 41
flotation, 46
live loads, 43–46
wheel loading,
soil cover (Cont.):
pyramid/cone soil stress, 41–43
rigid pipes, 46–49
similitude, 49–52
work breaks, 532
WPCF (Water Pollution Control
Federation), 22
yield point stress, 288
Index 601