Нерсесянц В.С. (ред.) История политических и правовых учений

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, , ?

www.InetLib.Ru - !

   –   ,  ,

. .      "

" , 

.

, , 

, ,

,  ().

 –   .      

   ,    .   – 

, . 

 () . 

 ,    ( )   

. , 

. ,  "" – , 

    . "  ,   , 

".

  , , , .

 , 

.

, , 

  ,      " 

". , 

,     ,   ,  

 .     ,    

.

 ,  ,    ,   

.

,  , –  .     

        .

,  ,  ,       

  .      

.

       , 

    .     

 (, , ). , 

   : 

,  – . 

    ( ),   , 

 – , .

 – .

, , ,

      ,  

.  – .

           

, .  – "" ,

 "" :  – ,  – 

,   –  . ",   "" , 

".

         

  .    

       ,

      ,    –

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 . ,    ,  

      ,     , 

     .   

.

   ,  ,  "   

   ".       

 "", .



  .       

    . " , – 

, –     ,   ,  

, ".

 "". , 

,    ,    

 () .

        (). "

  , –  , –    ,  .

 – , 

 .   – ,      

, , ()".



   . " , –  ; –  

   ". ,      ,

    .      , 

 ,       , 

. ", – ,– 

 ,   :    , ,

".

  – ,  ,  ,   : ,

, ,  – "".

4.  ( IV – II . . .)

, 

.

   (341–270 ,  . .)   , 

. ", – , – 

".

        , 

,     ,    ,

.

         

 –

 . ",   , –  , – 

 – ".

 –  "

",  "" , 

 .



, 

.

www.InetLib.Ru - !

   (336–264 . . .). 

: ,  () .  (III–II

.  . .) ,  ,   .   

 (II–I . . .) ,  ()  (I–II . . .) – ,

.

,  ,  .  

    " ,     

,  ,  ,     ,

   ".  

 " " (" "),       

  .  , "     ,

 () ".

, , 

, . , , 

, , , .

      (, ,

), , 

, ,

 (, ) – 

 ()  – .

         (210–123 .  . .) –

.

 "". 

 – .

       

 () 

,  "". , ,

, 

       :  ( ), ,

, , , .

,

      .   "  , 

     , ,  ,  

         ".  

, , : 

.

, , 

, 

   . ,   ,   –

  .   .  ,  "

    ,     

, ", . . , .

 , 

  ,    

, .

, , , ,

.

    ,  ,   

  .        "

 – , , ,

.

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        

,       .   

            

.

 4. 

1. 

   (106–43 .  . .) –   , ,

   .      

    .        "

"  "".

 (respublica)    ,   (res populi). 

,  ", 

, , 

 ".          

      ,     

, 

, , "". , 

      ,     

,  "".



 (), . 

    ,     

.

          

 ,        . 



,       . 

       

.

  (  )      ,  

  ,        , 

,  () 

        .  

, , ,  "".

 ,     ,

      ""   



  .   ,      ""

, , , 

     , ,

.

 –     , " ",   

 (, . .), " ". ,

www.InetLib.Ru - !

, ", , 

".

         

   ,     ,

" ,  "" . .

          : 

,   ()    (). " , 

, , 

  –  .       , 

,  .  ( 

) , ".

 () , , 

, , 

 (), 

   .         . 

,      ,    ,  

. ", – , – 

  ,  – ,  – ".   

 ,   ,     ,  

   ( ) .   

, 

,    , 

,  "" .

, , 

  (. ) , 

       . ", –

, – , , 

, 

     ".     

         

.

 () 

. 

 (, , ), 

 – ,  – 

.

   ()  ,    

, , 

         ("

").    – , ,  ,   ,  "

,    ,  ,       

".

        

.

, , 

,  (

, ) 

 "".

, , , , 

. , ,  "

, ".

   ,        

www.InetLib.Ru - !

  ,      ,  ,

 "     ".      

, .

  ,  ,  

  ,   , ,   

.        ,  

 , , , 

. 

, ,  "".

.

, . 

     .    

, , 

. ,  ""      ( 

,  )        ,  

    ,     ,  

, , . 

 "" (    )    ,

 .      ( 

),      ,  

 (, 

), , , 

.

     .    

: " – , 

,    , , ,   

, ; , ; , , , 

, ,

.  –

;      ;   

,  ,   

".

 "" – ,  "

, 

 – , , , ".

          

, . , 

     (, ,   

) ,  "".

,  ,        

. ", – , – , 

, , , 

   ,   – ".   

    ,   ,  

, 

.

  (,  ),  ,  ", 

, , , 

".   ( " ")     

, .

 ,   ( ,

   . .)    ,     

www.InetLib.Ru - !

.

, . "

    ,   ,

 , –  , –     , 

, , 

    ". ,  ,  

            ,  

.

      (  )

. 

,    ,  ,  ,  

,  404–403 . .,  82 . 

.,            

  ,        

 .   ,     "

 ",   , "    , 

, ".

2. 

        (3–65 .),

 (. 50 – . 140 .)  (121–180 .).

  ,      

, 

.

 ,   ,     

      .       , 

– "", .

        

 "" , 

, .

,  , –      ,

  –    .     

, . 

 ,          , 

. " – , – 

:  – ; 

  ,   

;  – , . 

; , 

. , , 

 ,  ,    , , ,  

".

, ,

 " ".  , ,  " "

 ,  )      , , 

 (          " "),

      .    

,  ().

      :  – ,   

www.InetLib.Ru - !

,  ( 161–180 .) .

3. 

, 

. 

.  300 . . . . 

, ,  .

  : 1) respondere – 

    , 2) cavere –      

 , 3) agere –       .  

,

        .  

 (, , 

,  ,    ),  

           

   (aequitas)      

           (aequum

ius).

  (  )  

    ,     

   .     

         )   

,  ius civile (), 

, , , , 

.      

          

.

         

       .    

         

.           

       (ius respondendi).  

 (, 

) ,  III . 

.

 III . , 

  ,      

  .    , 

  ,    ius respondendi. ,

.



 (II .),  (II–III .),  (II–III .),  (II– .)   (II–III .).

 III (426 .) 

    .       

,   ,  .

       ,   

. ,

, .

        (Corpus iuris

civilis), : 1) , . . 

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 (     "" ,    ,

); 2)  (), . .  38

 ( I . . . –  IV . . .), 

   70%   ; 3)   (

 ).      ,  

  ,   VI . . , 

         

.

  

      

. , 

   (  . .)     

 . ,     

     ,    



.  "", 

 I–II . : ", 

, ".

 (, regulae) 

,  () 

 ,   ). .    : " –

, ;  ,  –

".

         .   ,

 ,      (,  " 

  ")   (,  "   

") , , , ", 

,  () ,  () ". 

" –       ,    

   ,     

.

    ("") ,  

"            .

 , –  , –        

. , , 

   ,   .  ,    

, ; , ".

         ,  

  (ius gentium),   ,    ,    

. ", – , – , 

; : 

,  – ".

       . " ,   

, –  , –    ,  ,  

". , , 

  – ",     

".

        ,  

; , , . " "", –

 , –    : , ""  ,  

, .  "" – ,

       ,   .  

www.InetLib.Ru - !

 ""  ius honorarium ()".

,  "" 

 "" (ius),

         

        

.

, – , – , 

 ius ();      iustitia (, ), , 

  ,   ars (,    

) boni ()  aequi ()".

 aequi ( aequitas) 

 ,  ,   aequum ius (  

) ius iniquum (, ).

Aequitas,      ,

       , 

   (, , ,    

), .

"Iustitia (, ), – , – 

". 

 ,   " ": " ,   

,   ,   ".     

    "    , 

".

        

 () , 

   .       

.

, , : ", 

, :  () ,

, , ".

 ,    ,   

 , .      (lex). ,    

: ", , , 

   ,   ".    

, , 

,   ,   , , 

),   (    

, 

).

      ,  

: ", 

, , 

) , , 

, , , 

".

    ,     -

     . , ,  

,  " () : , , " *,   

, 

 () ,  () , .

. . 

. ,  : ",     ,   