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∆
1
r
= −4πδ(r),
δ(r) = δ(x)δ(y)δ(z)
p x
ρ(x) = −pδ
0
(x).
∞
Z
0
cos kxdk = πδ(x).
∞
Z
0
k sin kxdk.
lim
α→0
"
f(x, α) =
1
e
x/α
+ 1
#
.
ρ = q
N
X
i
δ(r − r
i
)
∂ρ
∂t
+ divj = 0,
j = q
N
P
i
v
i
δ(r − r
i
)
q
1
q
2
a > R
1
R
2
R
1
R
2
q
1
q
2
U F
a Q
Q
a
b < a
a
χ 4a 2χ
h
2a 2h
Q a
b > a
σ
−2
E
0
a b q Q R a , b
a q b > a
Q
a Q M
χ a
a = 1 φ = 100
b = 1
q ∞
R ∆R
∗
q
1
q
2
a
1
a
2
∗
a b q
1
q
2
d U F
∗
R
1
R
2
Q
−Q
∗
Q
q Q
q
−q
∗∗
L M
Q a L
F N
p E
F N
p
p
1
p
2
r F
α
p
1
Q −Q
ABCD a q −q
q
A C −q B D
r a
a
q −q
r a
v
0
c
v
0
c
v
0
r
0
t
0
E
0
E
0
∆t
A =
[M r]
r
3
,
M =
1
2c
Z
[r
0
j]dV
0
H
I
M
M =
IS
c
,
S
e m
M =
e
2mc
L,
L =
P
i
[r
i
, m
i
v
i
]
V
U =
1
8π
Z
H · BdV,
U =
1
8π
Z
H · HdV
U
U =
1
2c
Z
A · jdV.
A
U = −
1
c
Z
j
1
AdV
1
,
dF =
I
c
[dl × B].
H =
1
c
Z
[jR]
R
3
dV
0
,
I a ≤ r ≤ b H
a → b
a 2l a N
b > a
I H
A I
a r a
H i
i
H
p × r a z = 0
H
r(adl)
H
a(rdl)
R I
µ = 1
a b I µ = 1
R < a a < R < b R > b
H = H
0
(1 + κz
2
)e
z
,
H
θ
H
r
(r, z) j(r, z)
z
R
2
R
1
I
r
H A
I 2a
H
i i i −i
H
