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A =
1
2
[Hr].
2L I
L → ∞
a I
a I
a Q
Ω µ = 1
a l
Ω = t
l a
mv
2
2
+ eφ = const.
E θ v
0
E
v
0
θ
1
θ
2
H
ω
H
=
eH
mc
.
H v
v
k0
v
⊥0
H
mv
2
2
= const.
H L
z
H = (H
0
, 0, 0)
g = (0, 0, −g
0
)
H g
v
d
=
mgc
eH
.
H(t)
I =
p
2
⊥
H
= const.
∂H/∂t
r
m q
v
H(z)
E
0
z
H
z
(z) = H
0
L
z
.
z
m q
I = I
0
t/τ
a b a b
a b
I = I
0
t/τ
q
a
q m
α
E = E
0
t/τ
L v
0
q m (x, y)
H = H
0
(t)δ(x)δ(y)k
H
0
(0) = 0
L +
q
2πc
H
0
(t)k,
L
q > 0 m
σ < 0 h
1
r
∂
2
∂r
2
(rφ) −
1
c
2
∂
2
φ
∂t
2
= 0,
ζ = t −
r
c
, η = t +
r
c
.
∂
2
ψ
∂ζ∂η
= 0.
X = r
0
− r
0
(τ),
τ = t −|r
0
−r|/c x v
0
= (v
x
, 0, 0) r
0
(τ)
φ(r, t) =
Z
ρ(r
0
, t − R/c)
R
dV
0
,
A(r, t) =
1
c
Z
j(r
0
, t − R/c)
R
dV
0
ρ = eδ(r
0
− r
0
),
j = eδ(r
0
− r
0
)v
0
(t).
∂R/∂τ R = r − r
0
τ = t − |r
0
− r
0
|/c ∂τ/∂t
gradτ τ = t − |r
0
− r
0
|/c
gradλ λ = R(τ) − v
0
(τ)R(τ)/c
F = (F, 0, 0)
∆τ
Eγm
e
c
2
γ 1
E =
e(1 − v
2
0
/c
2
)
(R − v
0
R/c)
3
R −
v
0
c
R
+
e
c
2
(R − v
0
R/c)
3
"
R
"
R −
v
0
c
R,
˙
v
0
##
.
H =
[RE]
R
.
Q a = a
0
/t
1/3
ρ =
3
4π
Qt
a
3
0
.
a
Z
0
ρ(t −
R
c
)dV
0
,
R = |r − r
0
| r
θ
R
r
0
divjdV
0
A(r, t) =
˙
d(τ
0
)
cr
,
φ(r, t) =
n
˙
d(τ
0
)
cr
,
τ
0
= t − r/c r d
n r A
φ
divA +
1
c
∂φ
∂t
= 0.
φ =
n
cr
Z
j(r
0
, τ
0
)dV
0
,
A =
1
cr
Z
j(r
0
, τ
0
)dV
0
,
τ
0
= t − r/c r
d = d
0
cos ωt.
a
H
m e
a
e m Q
v c
e
1
m
1
e
2
m
2
