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A
z
=
I
c
L
Z
−L
dζ
R
,
R ζ
Z
dx
√
r
2
+ x
2
= ln |x +
√
r
2
+ x
2
|.
a
M =
1
c
Z
[r
0
j]dV,
jdV = ρvdV ρ = 3Q/4πa
3
v
i =
σv v
l a
I
Edl = −
d
dt
Z
HdS,
m
dv
dt
= qE.
v
t = t
0
t
E
vdt dr
m
dv
dt
= qE.
θ
E
x
a
x
=
q
m
E, a
y
= 0.
x
y
dv
x
dt
=
q
mc
Hv
y
,
dv
y
dt
= −
q
mc
Hv
x
.
d
2
v
x
dt
2
= −
qH
mc
2
v
x
,
v
x
v
y
v
x
, v
y
∝ exp(iωt) ω
v
0⊥
v
0||
v
[rv]
r
x
y z z
xv
x
+ yv
y
z
L
z
x
z
x
dv
y
dt
=
qH
0
mc
v
z
,
dv
z
dt
=
qH
0
mc
v
y
− g
0
.
v
0
y
= v
y
+ u u
dv
0
y
dt
=
qH
0
mc
v
z
,
dv
z
dt
=
qH
0
mc
v
0
y
,
u
p
2
⊥
/H
d
dt
p
2
⊥
2mH
=
1
H
d
⊥
dt
−
⊥
H
2
dH
dt
,
⊥
= p
2
⊥
/2m
dH
dt
ω
c
H,
ω
c
= qH/mc
T
c
=
2π/ω
c
d
⊥
/dt
⊥
q
R
Ev
⊥
dt = q
H
Edl
E
∆
⊥
= −
1
c
πR
2
c
dH
dt
,
πR
2
c
Φ =
πR
2
c
H
⊥
/H
H(z
0
+ vt) z
0
z
z = z(t)
H(z(t))
max(p
2
⊥
/2m) = E
0
z
b
v
Z
dx
b + r cos x
=
2
√
b
2
− r
2
arctg
(b − r)tgx/2
√
b
2
− r
2
.
dv
x
dt
= 0,
dv
y
dt
=
q
m
E
0
t
τ
,
x
y
m
dv
dt
= qE,
r
r
[rE]
H = ∇ × A
¨
d d =
P
q
i
r
i
q
i
/m
i
d
r
θ d
0
d = qr
a
H
e[vH]/c
e
q a
m
e
1
r
1
+e
2
r
2
˙
p = ι
2˙ι
2
/3c
3
[EH]/4πc
F = qE
a = [ωv] ω v
˙
a = [omegaa]
dv
dt
= −F
s
,
dt
E(ω) =
1
2π
∞
Z
−∞
E(t)e
iωt
dt.
E = E
0
e
−t/τ+iω
0
t
t = 0
0
E(ω) =
1
2π
E
0
i(ω − ω
0
) + τ
−1
.
