Woodward D. Lloyd George and the Generals

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Geddes, Sir Eric:

on state of French railways, 144;

plots with Haig against Jellicoe, 182;

concerned about French domination of

Allied transportation, 323 n. 56

Generalissimo. See Unity of command

General reserve, inter Allied, 247;

advantages of, 253;

origins of, 254–57;

establishment of Executive War Board,

258–60;

L G attacked over his method of

command of, 260–75 passim;

collapse of, 276–78

George V (king of Great Britain), 49, 110,

211;

support of Kitchener, 53 n. 27, 77;

backs Robertson and Haig, 77–80 n. 30,

111, 134;

opposes L G’s appointment as secretary

of state for war, 98;

Haig warns about L G’s strategy, 129;

Robertson reports outcome of Rome

conference, 141;

unhappy with Haig’s statements to

French press, 145;

reaction to Calais arrangement, 150,

152;

L G seeks support from, 195 n. 25;

Robertson warns about “Versailles

Soviet,” 261;

accepts plan to have Robertson and

H.Wilson switch positions, 265;

pressed by Haig to encourage

Robertson to go to Versailles, 267;

L G has interview with during C.I.G.S.

crisis, 272;

Haig rationalizes 1918 British defeat to,

290;

used by L G in attempt to get American

divisions, 324 n. 59

Gibbs, Philip, 239

Globe, 67, 225–26, 263, 292, 296

Gollin, A.M., 264

Gooch, John, 299

Gough, Gen. Sir Robert, 168, 202;

Nivelle’s choice as Haig’s successor,

151;

description of Passchendaele, 194–95;

his Fifth Army virtually destroyed, 286;

on Haig’s deployment of his forces, 291;

removed from command, 292

Gourko, Gen. Vassili, 139

Grey, Sir Edward (later first Viscount Grey

of Fallodon), 15, 34, 39, 41, 62, 65–66,

69;

speech in Parliament, 18;

proposes study of operations in Eastern

Mediterranean, 32;

L G reports results of his discussion

with French politicians and Allied

generals about Allied expeditionary

force to Balkans, 38;

opposes L G’s proposed diplomatic

mission to Balkans, 41;

believes that diplomacy should be

shaped by military considerations, 44;

on peace negotiations, 87, 90, 125;

on Allied conference in Russia, 119;

favors Flanders offensive, 130

Guest, Capt. Frederick F., 51

Guillaumat, Gen.:

lobbies for offensive against Bulgaria,

331–32

Gwynne, H.A.:

supports soldiers against L G, 100, 110–

11 n. 69, 133, 223 n. 10;

supports L G, 124;

L G admonishes, 224;

hires Repington, 246–47 n. 124;

attacks L G over command of general

reserve, 262–63;

prosecuted by government, 266 n. 55;

desires Robertson ministry, 275;

blames government for 1918 British

defeat, 292;

demands Robertson’s recall, 296;

and Maurice debate, 299–300

Haig, Field Marshal Sir Douglas (later first

Earl), 87, 108, 111 n. 75, 133–34, 160–

61, 163, 195–96, 207, 215, 221, 226,

236–38, 288–89, 295–96, 299, 301,

303–4, 310–12, 315, 318, 325, 329;

becomes commander of B.E.F., 74;

INDEX 357

background, character, tactics and

formation of alliance with Robertson,

74–79 n. 3;

Robertson hints at military dictatorship

to, 81;

critical of L G, 85, 105–6, 129, 290;

resents government’s attempt to limit

his cavalry, 90;

L G critical of, 91, 142, 224–25, 231,

316, 322, n. 52, 335;

Somme offensive, 91, 103–4 n. 30;

L G’s tour of western

front, 105–6;

attitude towards press, 108 n. 56;

delighted at L G’s setback at

Paris conference, 122;

concern about

L G becoming prime minister, 129;

planning of Passchendaele offensive,

129–30, 137, 142–43, 149–50, 153 n.

94, 155–56, 162–86 n. 8, n. 14, n. 44

and n. 65 passim;

relationship with Nivelle, 136–38, 142–

43, 145–53 passim, 155;

talks with Northcliffe, 139;

controversial interview with French

journalists, 144–45;

opposes defensive stance, 155, 209,

228;

suggests Robertson for admiralty, 181–

82 n. 88;

Passchendaele (Flanders) offensive,

190, 192–95, 198, 208–9, 211–12, 214,

223, 283;

view of Allied general staff, 193, 208;

compromise peace, 202–3, 245–46 n.

116, 329 n. 83;

Asquith visits, 203;

extension of his line, 206, 208, 210,

253–55, 260, 290–91, 297–98 n. 75;

Cambrai failure, 228, 230;

on German strategy in 1918, 229, 235;

adopts defensive posture, 230, 246, 253;

on exhaustion of his forces, 230;

L G seeks removal of, 231–32, 245–47;

unrealistic comparison of German and

British losses, 233 n. 61 and n. 62;

opposes reduction of his divisions, 236;

numbers affected by “side shows,” 238;

supported by Unionist War Committee,

246;

opposes generalissimo, 256 n. 13, 277–

78;

on decline of his army in 1918, 257–58;

command of general reserve and

Robertson’s dismissal, 259–68, 272–

75;

helps torpedo general reserve, 275–78;

concern for Persia, 284;

failure of his private arrangement with

Pétain, 287;

blames government for defeat, 290;

distribution of his troops, 291;

War Cabinet favors his recall, 292;

offers to step down, 292;

“Backs to the Wall” memorandum, 293;

unhappy with Foch’s handling of

reserves, 294, 314, 321;

requests Robertson as his second in

command, 297;

his recall considered again, 304;

agreement on Foch’s au-thority, 314;

relations with Foch during July military

crisis, 321–22;

L G hopes to replace with Cavan, 322;

plans offen-sive with Foch, 324;

on H.Wilson’s strategy, 324 n. 64;

L G on his achievements, 324 n. 66, 328

n. 76;

protected from civilian interference by

generalissimo, 326;

Amiens victory, 327–28;

role in offensive, 330–31;

optimistic about victory in 1918, 331–

32;

cautioned by government about

casualties, 331;

believes Germany capable of fighting

on, 333;

conducts skillful campaign, 336

Haig, Lady, 75

Hamilton, Gen. Sir lan, 144

Hankey, Donald:

death of, 116

Hankey, Lieut.-Col. Maurice (later first

Baron), 29, 32, 56–57, 60–61, 66, 69, 77,

358 LLOYD GEORGE AND THE GENERALS

91, 98, 119, 121, 123 n. 39, 125 n. 48,

128, 130, 142, 147 n. 63, 161, 166–67,

173–74, 178, 183, 186, 195, 198, 200,

206, 209–10 n. 104, 212–14, 222, 224,

231 n. 49, 234, 239, 254, 259–60, 269-

70, 272, 277, 305, 318–19, 321, 324, 328;

on strategy, 28, 30, 135, 153, 160–61;

becomes government’s chief strategic

adviser by default, 43;

on Robertson, 80–81, 118;

L G complains to about minutes and

failure of ministers to discuss offensive,

86;

L G joins in criticism of War Office’s

secrecy, 89–90 n. 84;

peace negotiations, 90;

critical of Haig’s Somme tactics, 94;

attempts to keep peace between L G and

Robertson, 119–20;

supports reorganization of government,

122;

fears L G will use him against general

staff, 128;

L G uses as substitute for general staff,

135, 138–39;

Rome conference, 140;

Calais arrangement, 145–48, 151;

believes that Jellicoe rigs advice, 178;

convoy system, 181;

on L G’s nervous exhaustion, 199–200;

L G reveals strategy for 1918 to, 210;

on manpower, 160, 174, 234, 247 n.

125, 311, 329;

inspects western front, 245–46;

on chaos of S.W.C., 257;

critical of generals’ panicky statements,

258;

suspects military authorities of working

together against government, 271;

and Maurice debate, 300–3;

L G considers as secretary of state for

war, 322;

warns H.Wilson that he is out of favor

with L G, 327;

on L G’s support of 1918 Balkan

offensive, 332

Hardinge, Sir A., 200

Hardinge of Penshurst, first Baron, 166

Hazlehurst, Cameron, 17, 52 n. 23

Henderson, Arthur, 128, 204, 274;

joins War Cabinet, 134;

resigns, 201, 214–15

Hertling, Count Georg, 241

Hindenburg Line (Siegfried Stellung), 149,

153, 228, 331–34, 336

Hindenburg, Field Marshal Paul von, 104,

270, 275, 285

House, Col. E.M., 90, 226

House-Grey Memorandum, 90

Hughes, W.M.:

pessimistic about Western offensive,

322–23;

asks where enemy’s weak point could

be found, 325 n. 67;

on necessity of supporting allies, 330

Hussein (sherif of Mecca), 108

Imperiali, Marquess, 323

Independent Labour Party, 201

Isonzo, 170, 180, 191, 197

Italian theater, 174, 185–86, 202;

Hankey recommends Anglo-French

support for offensive in, 135;

L G and Cadorna, 136, 140–41, 143,

172, 176, 193, 198;

Rodd and offensive in, 138, 176;

Han- key’s and L G’s plan for surprise

attack in, 139–41;

Bissolati asks for men and guns, 154;

Robertson’s views on offensive in, 170,

176, 179–80, 190–93;

L G supports over Flanders offensive,

176, 179, 186 n. 99, 191, 197–98;

offensive in supported by General

Radcliffe, 176;

War Cabinet accepts as alternative to an

unsuccessful Flanders offensive, 183,

190–91;

Austro-German breakthrough, 212;

L G’s desire for 1918 offensive in 322–

24, 325–27, 330

Jackson, Admiral Sir A.B., 65

Jacob, Gen. Sir Claud:

INDEX 359

considered as Haig’s replacement, 246–

Jellicoe, Admiral Sir John R. (later first

Earl), 162, 300;

pessimism of 125, 165, 178, 181;

opposed to Salonikan venture, 165;

supports high command, 167, 178, 198,

211, 221;

removal sought, 181–82;

dismissed, 232 n. 53

Joffre, Gen. Joseph-Jacques Césaire, 23,

31–32, 34, 36–39, 55–57, 63–64, 82, 86–

87, 89, 92, 105, 111, 118, 122, 130,

136–37, 232;

proposed for post of generalissimo,

256–57

Jonescu, Take, 118

Kerr, Philip (later eleventh marquess of

Lothian), 321;

Maurice debate, 301–3

Kiggell, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Launcelot, 75, 78,

143, 192;

removed from post, 232;

Robertson critical of, 232–33

Kirke, Col. (later Sir) Walter, 296

Kitchener, Field Marshal first Earl, 34, 60–

62, 90, 149, 209, 300;

appointed secretary of state for war, 19–

20;

L G’s opinion of, 24, 32, 50–51, 56, 58–

59, 63– 65, 68–69;

hostile to Zeebrugge operation, 29;

on Joffre’s strategy, 31, 55–58, 68, 85,

87;

view of Balkan operations, 33–36, 39,

59, 63–68;

supports Joffre against British ministers

on question of aid to Serbia, 34;

primacy of western front, 44;

conflict with L G over muni- tions

production, 50–54;

opposed com- pulsion, 57, 59;

mental state of, 60–61;

removal sought, 65;

sent to Mediterranean, 65;

accepts figurehead position, 69, 80;

undermined by Haig and Robertson, 77–

80;

opposition to all-out Western

offensives, 84, 87 n. 66;

death of, 98

Kitchener-Robertson compact, 99, 209,

267;

negotiated, 80;

L G fails to alter, 101–2;

L G determined to revoke, 264

Koss Stephen:

his conspiracy thesis questioned by

Hazlehurst, 52 n. 23

Kühlmann, Richard von, 204

Kut-el-Amara, 89

La Caze, Admiral Marie Jean Louis, 121

Lambert, George, 297

Lancken, Baron Oskar von der, 200–201,

204

Lansdowne, fifth marquess of: compromise

peace, 125, 239, 274, 328;

negotia- tions with Asquith during

C.I.G.S. crisis, 269, 272

Lee, Col. Sir Arthur (later first Viscount),

210;

prepares appreciation of military

situation for L G, 86 n. 63;

gives L G advice on becoming secretary

of state for war, 101;

drafts memorandum on general staff’s

alleged blunders, 126

Liddell Hart, Sir Basil, 214, 332;

on Balkan offensive, 42–43;

on German casualties, 117;

conversations with Edmonds, 117;

conversation with Allanson, 238;

compares British and German

casualties, 223 n. 8

Liverpool Post, 101

Lloyd George, Margaret, 17, 21, 49, 52, 178

Lloyd George, Olwen, 177–78

London, Allied conferences at:

(June 1916), 89;

(December 1916), 137–38, 143–44, 164

n. 14;

(March 1917), 152–53, 164 n. 14;

360 LLOYD GEORGE AND THE GENERALS

(August 1917), 193, 195;

(March 1918), 277

London Gazette, 233

Long, Walter (later first Viscount), 215,

267;

supports Haig, 133–34, 150, 204 n. 74

Loos, Battle of, 60, 66, 84, 88, 112

Lucas, Maj. C.C. (“The Monument”), 148

Ludendorff, Gen. Erich, 295–96, 304;

effect of Flanders offensive, 209;

1918 strategy, 285, 288, 293, 305, 313,

320, 336;

Foch comments on his chances, 290;

loses strategical initiative, 324;

on German morale, 327;

impact of Bulgaria’s collapse on, 334

Lyautey, Gen. Hubert, 137–38, 140, 145,

153

Lynden-Bell, Maj.-Gen. Sir Arthur, 206–7

Macdonogh, Lieut.-Gen. Sir George M.W.,

31, 169–72, 206, 322;

and Repington, 247 n. 124;

and Morning Post revelations, 266;

on Allied rifle strength in 1918, 286 n.

23;

and perilous state of army, 293;

becomes adjutant general, 312;

reports on Haig’s intentions, 331

McKenna, Reginald:

replaces L G as chancellor of the

exchequer, 53;

L G’s conflict with, 60, 65, 119, 123;

and compromise peace, 87, 90, 125

Maclay, Sir Joseph (later first Baron), 319,

333

Macpherson, J.lan (later first Baron), 296,

301–3

Macready, Gen. Sir. C.F.Nevil, 230 n.n. 46,

233–34 n. 65;

on manpower, 208, 311;

and Maurice debate, 302;

becomes commissioner of metropolitan

police, 312

Manchester Guardian, 51, 224–25, 300

Manpower, British, 161, 171, 254;

Robertson on, 76, 161, 165, 168–69,

185, 208, 232–33, 239–40;

Hankey on, 160, 174–75, 234, 247 n.

125, 311, 329;

L G on, 163, 165, 173–75, 177, 185,

208, 229–30, 235–38, 258, 283, 290,

311–13, 322;

American assistance to relieve shortage

of, 171, 177, 236 n. 74, 257–58, 288–

90, 293, 295–96;

War Cabinet’s position on, 174–75,

209, 232–38 passim, 247 n. 125;

civilians trustees of, 184;

Haig undermines, 208;

Manpower Committee created, 233;

Repington attacks government over,

246–47, 292;

grim predictions of Haig and Pétain on,

257–58;

Foch attacks L G over, 257–58;

crisis in 1918, 287–88, 293, 295, 310–

13, 324–26, 329, 332–33

Mantoux, Paul, 112

Marne, First Battle of, 20, 139;

Second Battle of, 320–21, 324, 334, 336

Massey, W.F., 316;

supports “Westerners,” 318

Matz, Battle of, 320

Maude, Gen. Sir Stanley, 154, 206

Maurice, Maj.-Gen. Sir Frederick B., 161,

209, 222, 231, 233, 265, 296, 311;

L G writes to about German threat to

Rumania, 104–5, 121;

drafts constitution for S.W.C., 213;

and Repington, 247 n. 124;

works for establishment of

generalissimo, 256;

wrongly accused of supplying

Repington with information, 262–63;

proven correct about German

intentions, 286;

on Allied rifle strength, 286 n. 23;

on German attack in April 1918, 293;

on Foch’s use of reserves and view of

Allied prospects, 294–96;

L G thinks part of military conspiracy

(Maurice debate), 297–304 n. 71 passim

Maxse, Leo, 133, 223, 258

INDEX 361

Maxwell, Lieut.-Gen. Sir R.C.:

removed from post, 232

Mesopotamian campaign, 83, 162–63, 166,

204, 206, 316–17;

origins of, 23;

L G wants terminated, 41;

disastrous defeat, 89;

capture of Baghdad, 154;

and enemy threat to Persia, 283–84

Messines, Battle of, 168–69, 173, 317, 327

Michaelis, Georg, 204

Millerand, Alexandre: opposes Balkan

expeditionary force, 34;

proposes generalissimo, 255

Milne, Gen. Sir George F. (later first

Baron), 144, 148, 331 n. 95, 334 n. 111

Milner, first Viscount, 60, 167, 170–72,

182, 196–97, 205, 212, 303, 320–22;

key member of War Cabinet, 134;

accompanies L G to Rome conference,

139;

Flanders offensive, 181, 198, 200;

against sacrifice of Russia for peace,

202, 204;

on bias of Western generals, 207;

supports L G against “Westerners,” 210

n. 104, 221;

on H.Wilson, 243;

on importance of creation of a British

strategic reserve, 255;

attends S.W.C., 257–59;

L G wants as head of War Office, 260,

n. 35;

and crisis over Robertson’s removal,

263–74 n. 44 passim;

desires to save principle of general

reserve, 277;

concern about enemy’s threat to British

Empire, 284, 314–15 n. 19;

and German intentions, 285, 288;

mission to France, 287;

makes agreement with Pershing, 295;

L G complains to about War Office’s

figures, 297;

Haig gives note to on extension of line,

298 n. 75;

becomes secretary of state for war, 304;

plots strategy with L G and H.Wilson,

304–5;

opposes administrative unity of French

and British forces, 312;

responds to Clemenceau’s charge, 313;

confers with Clemenceau over Foch’s

authority, 314;

opposes Haig’s removal, 322 n. 52;

attacks H.Wilson over strategy, 324–25;

defends Foch’s military operations,

325;

support for Italian offensive, 330;

concern about Haig’s casualties, 331–

Mons, Battle of, 19

Montagu, Edwin, S., 112, 126;

gives Asquith Machiavellian advice,

101

Morgan, Kenneth O., 215

Morning Post, 100, 108, 111, 124, 204,

223–25 n. 10, 246–47, 262–63, 266–67,

269, 289 n. 32, 291–92, 296–97, 299

Munitions (and artillery):

L G’s interest in production of, 21, 45,

50, 55;

L G becomes head of new Ministry of

Munitions, 53–54;

L G uses in argument against Western

offensive, 55, 84;

highexplosive shells and Somme

offensive, 92–93;

L G and artillery tactics of B.E.F. in

1916, 105–8, 111;

Northcliffe links to success or failure of

Haig’s offensive, 108;

for Russia, 135;

L G angered by Haig’s mention of to French

journalists, 145.

See also “Shells scandal”

Murray, Alexander (first and last baron of

Elibank), 18

Murray, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Archibald, 61, 68–

69, 81, 109, 170;

Robertson and Haig critical of, 78–79

Murray, Lieut.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe, 20,

34, 61, 78;

fails to give strategic advice, 43

362 LLOYD GEORGE AND THE GENERALS

Nation, 225, 299 n. 83

National Review, 133, 223, 282

News of the World, 51

Nicoll, W.Robertson, 51

Nitti, Francesco Saverio, 323

Nivelle, Gen. Robert George, 140, 161–65,

168, 172, 174–75, 180–81, 199;

background of and plan of attack, 136–

38;

relationship with Haig, 137–38, 143–

44, 145–53 n. 84 passim;

gains L G’s sup- port for offensive, 142–

43, 145;

fails to rupture German line, 155

Norman, Sir Henry, 197 n. 33

Northcliffe, first Viscount, 60;

attacks Kitchener over shell shortage,

51 n. 14, 53;

L G’s involvement with, 51–53 n. 14;

defends generals, 106, 108, 110–11,

133, 139, 141;

mission to U.S., 185;

transfers his support from generals to L

G, 232;

differences with Repington, 246;

his press attacks against generals anger

L G, 246;

role in L G’s decision not to sack

Robertson, 269;

joins government, 275

Observer, 224–25, 255

Oliver, Rear-Admiral (later Sir) H.F., 36

Orlando, Vittorio Emanuele, 259

Painlevé, Paul, 153–54, 161–63, 166, 191,

197 n. 33, 202, 222, 224;

L G discusses supreme command with,

193, 207, 213

Palestine (and Egypt) 23, 83, 136, 171, 305;

Hankey recommends offensive to take

Jerusalem or Damascus, 135;

L G’s interest in offensive in, 135, 162–

67, 172, 199–200, 204–7, 210, 241–45,

258, 283–84, 316, 318, 324–25, 330;

H.Wilson on possibility of victory in,

172 n. 57;

Smuts favors attack in, 183;

strain on shipping delays offensive, 190;

Robertson opposes offensive in, 205–7,

211, 231 n. 51, 241–42, 245, 258;

offensive in considered and rejected by

H.Wilson and J.French, 211;

Gaza-Beersheba line broken, 323;

capture of Jerusalem, 231;

campaign in linked to containment of

Germany in East, 242, 315–17;

S.W.C. conditionally approves

offensive in, 258;

offensive in revealed by press, 266;

Allenby’s offensive in approved by

War Cabinet, 283;

and German advance in Russia, 283–84;

L G’s misleading statement about troop

strength in, 292 n. 49, 296, 299, 301;

strategic significance of in event of

defeat on Continent, 314–16;

recall of 54th Division considered and

rejected, 318 n. 29;

H.Wilson opposes offensive, 324;

imperial leaders reject H.Wilson’s

advice on, 330;

Allenby’s overwhelming victory in, 332

Paris, Allied conferences at:

(November 1916), 119, 121–23, 138;

(April 1917), 161;

(May 1917), 163–65, 168, 171, 173,

179–80, 182;

(July 1917), 190–92

Paris speech: L G attacks generals’ conduct

of war, 224–25;

adverse reaction to, 133, 225

Passchendaele (Third Battle of Ypres), 117,

254, 305, 312, 316–17, 325–27, 331, 336;

preliminary plans for, 129–30, 137,

142–43, 150, 153 n. 94, 156, 160–86 n.

8, n. 14, n. 31, n. 33, n. 50, n. 65, n. 89,

and n. 99 passim;

offensive, 193–98, 202–3, 208–9, 223;

L G’s failure to stop, 214;

plan to clear Flanders coast canceled,

283

Parson, Edward B., 324 n. 59

Peace discussions (and terms), 173, 178;

American mediation, 87, 90, 124–25;

INDEX 363

L G and terms, 125 n. 48, 163–64, 166,

200–202, 239–41, 315, 325, 329;

Austria-Hungary and, 154–55, 166,

170, 197 n. 33, 240;

related to military operations, 162–63,

166, 169–70, 173, 179, 183, 185, 191,

205–6, 210 n. 104, 282–83, 317–18,

322–23, 325, 328–29;

and Germany, 200–204, 239–41, 334;

and Turkey, 205–6, 240–41;

and dominions, 204 n. 74;

and G.H.Q., 245–46 n. 116;

and Smuts, 328–29;

and Curzon, 329;

L G relates to Eastern victories, 334.

Percy, Eustace: comments on necessity of

linking military and diplomatic policy, 42

Pershing, Gen. John H. (“Black Jack”), 253,

320, 331;

discusses S.W.C. with L G, 222;

opposition to incorporation of U.S.

troops in Allied units, 289–90, 323;

agreement with Milner, 295–96, 318;

and selection of American sector, 323

n. 56;

takes troops from Haig, 330 n. 87

Pétain, Gen. Philippe, 154, 161–65, 169,

179, 182, 208, 210, 221, 234, 236, 254,

257–58, 291, 294, 298, 319;

critical of Flanders offensive, 168, 172

n. 57;

opposes offensive in 1918, 253;

and generalissimo, 256;

promises not to press Haig on further

extension of his line, 260;

joins with Haig to sabotage general

reserve, 276–77;

Haig requests assistance from, 286–87;

War Cabinet critical of, 289;

and French manpower policy, 311

Plumer, Gen. Sir Herbert, 168, 202, 271,

273, 293;

L G considers as Robertson’s

replacement, 263;

L G considers as Haig’s replacement,

263;

offered and rejects post of C.I.G.S.,

271–72

Poincaré, Raymond:

and Allied expeditionary force to

Balkans, 37–38

Pringle, William M.R., 298

Rabegh, 134;

proposed intervention at, 108–9

Radcliffe, Gen. Delmé, 176, 197, 212

Radcliffe, Maj.-Gen. Sir Percy de B., 297,

301–2, 321

Ragusa (Dubrovnik), 29–30

Rapallo: S.W.C. established at, 222, 225

Rawlinson, Gen. Henry S. (later first

Baron), 76, 150, 168, 208, 223 n. 10, 288,

330;

Haig’s ally at Versailles, 276–77;

replaces Gough, 289;

and Amiens, 327

Reading, Rufus Isaacs (first marquess of),

101, 330 n. 87

Repington, Col. Charles a Court, 164, 169,

295, 311;

works with L G during “shells scandal,”

51;

attacks Kitchener, 53;

and Allied staff of S.W.C., 226–27, 232;

works with general staff against L G,

246–47 n. 120;

and Haig’s views on peace, 246 n. 116;

and escaping censorship, 247 n. 124;

his presence in Paris during S.W.C.

meeting noted, 260;

source of his information, 262–63;

demands truth about S.W.C.’s

actions, 263;

reveals general reserve and Turkish

offensive, 266;

prosecuted by government, 266 n. 55;

supports Foch as supreme commander,

289 n. 32;

attacks government’s manpower

policies, 292;

questions accuracy of L G’s statements,

296;

in contact with Robertson, 297;

and Maurice debate, 299–300

364 LLOYD GEORGE AND THE GENERALS

Ribot, Alexandre, 37, 153–54, 161, 164,

202;

critical of Haig, 137–38

Riddell, Sir George (later first Baron), 44,

51–52 n. 21, 196–97, 200, 304, 321;

L G discusses German ultimatum with,

17– 18

Riga, Battle of, 285

Robertson, Gen. Sir William (“Wully”), 69,

133, 138, 160, 208, 215, 223 n. 10, 233–

34, n. 65, 247, 256, 277, 282, 290, 294,

318, 335;

and discussion of Balkan campaign

with L G, 38 n. 47;

criticisms of Balkan campaign in 1915,

42–43;

on results of Loos and Champagne, 66;

background, character, and

appointment as C.I.G.S., 74–81 n. 18;

on primacy of western front, 76–77, 81–

84, 134–36 n. 3;

opposition to tanks, 84;

warns Haig about L G, 84–85;

reassures ministers that Haig would

make prudent use of his forces in 1916,

87, 91;

supports L G on compulsion, 88;

L G and Hankey critical of his secrecy,

89–91;

resists government’s intervention in

military matters, 90–91;

opposes L G as head of War Office, 98–

102;

at odds with L G over offensive against

Bulgaria, 102–3;

relations with L G improve, 103–4 n. 36;

angers Haig, 103 n. 30, 170, 182, 184,

267;

opposes British assistance to Rumania

in 1916, 81, 104–5, 110–13;

furious over Foch-L G interview, 108;

opposes intervention at Rabegh, 108–9;

L G suggests that he be sent to Russia,

109, 118–20, 123;

uses press against L G, 110–11;

assessment of military situation, 116,

118, 239–40;

L G conspires against, 118–20, 128,

140–41, 145–48, 190, 195–96, 207–13,

221, 231–32, 243–45;

supports L G’s attempt to reorganize

government, 124–26, 128;

preliminaries for Passchendaele

offensive, 129–30, 143, 155–56, 162–

86 n. 8, n. 50, and n. 65 passim;

sabotage of L G’s plans at Rome

conference, 139–41;

and Nivelle’s offensive, 143–45;

and Calais arrangement, 145–53 n. 87;

and offensive in Palestine, 165, 167,

199–200, 205–7, 211, 231 n. 51, 241–

42, 245 n. 110, 258, 335;

refuses admiralty post, 182;

opposes British assistance to Italy, 190–

93, 197–98 n. 33;

and Allied general staff, 193, 196, 213

n. 123, 222- 23, 225–28, 253;

and peace discussions, 125–26, 202–3,

239–40;

resents L G’s use of H.Wilson and

J.French, 209–10;

possibility of his resignation, 210–12;

opposes defensive stance in 1918, 228–

29;

urges removal of Charteris and

Maxwell, 232;

stunned by Haig’s view of German

intentions, 235;

supported by Unionist War Committee,

246;

critical of permanent military

representatives’ decision to extend

British line, 254;

L G rejects as generalissimo’s chief of

staff, 256;

wants C.I.G.S. to control general

reserve, 257, 259–60;

in conflict with L G over Wilson’s

position on Executive War Board, 260–

74 passim;

L G’s interpretation of his motives, 275

n. 89;

his view of German intentions proven

correct, 286;

INDEX 365

suggested as secretary of state for war,

292;

L G links to military conspiracy to

overthrow government, 296–300;

and anger over Roure’s mission, 313

Rodd, Sir Rennell (later first Baron), 197;

supports aid to Cadorna, 138, 176

Rome: Allied conference at, 138, 140–41,

143, 148, 212

Roselli, Paolo, 140

Roskill, Captain S.W., 167 n. 33, 246 n. 120

Rothermere, first Viscount, 268, 275

Roure, Col., 310, 313, 322 n. 52, 330 n. 85

Rowland, Peter, 16, 334

Rupprecht, Field Marshal Crown Prince,

314, 321

Russell, Sir Edward, 101

Russian army mutiny, 166

Russian conference, 135;

pushed by L G, 118–22;

L G defends position on, 123

Rumania, 135, 138, 160;

LG seeks assistance for, 81, 102, 104,

109–13;

L G on

importance of, 120;

uses to undermine Robertson, 121;

collapse exploited by L G, 123 n. 36,

126–27, 129

Runciman, Walter (later first Viscount),

120, 125;

pessimism over shipping, 116

Sackville-West, Maj.-Gen. Sir Charles J.

(“Tit-Willow”), 276–77, 319n. 33;

replaces Rawlinson as permanent

military representative, 289;

critical of Pershing, 290

St. Jean de Maurienne: Allied conference

at, 161, 165

St. Mihiel, Battle of, 332

Salonika (Greece), 61, 66, 83, 99, 324, 335;

proposed Allied expeditionary force to,

29–30, 35–40;

L G wants British troops from Suvla

Bay sent to, 59;

French urge intervention at, 60, 66–69;

Anglo-French forces arrive 61–62;

L G opposes French offensive plans,

88–89;

French propose attack against Bulgaria,

102, 111–13;

L G urges decisive action to bring

Greece into war, 109;

L G urges reinforcements sent to, 110–

13, 126;

French desire British reinforcements

sent to, 137–38, 141;

offensive from discussed at Paris, 164–

65;

L G critical of French unilateral action,

319;

H.Wilson’s opinion of offensive from,

324;

L G defense of campaign there, 325n.

67;

L G’s support for attack on Bulgaria,

331–32;

Eastern Army’s success, 332, 334

Sanders, Gen. Liman von, 211

Sarrail, Gen. Michel, 139, 144, 165;

appointed commander in chief of

French Expeditionary Corps, 64;

captures Monastir, 113;

urges preemptive strike in Greece, 137

Sassoon, Sir Philip, 232;

critical of L G in correspondence with

Northcliffe, 105

Sauvigny, Commandant Bertier de, 145,

151 n. 84

Schlieffen Plan, 20, 285

Scott, C.P., 51, 224;

conversations with L G, 17 n. 8, 55, 6 n. 81,

99, 201, 210 n. 104, 239

Serbia, 83, 120, 160;

invaded by Austria-Hungary, 23, L G’s

concern for, 24, 36, 41, 55, 58–69

passim;

British government considers

assistance for, 33–40, 59–69

Second Moroccan crisis:

L G and, 16

Shaw, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Frederick C., 237

“Shells scandal,” 50–53

366 LLOYD GEORGE AND THE GENERALS