672 Index
the index
normal approximation 394
normal distribution 325–360, 361–414
accuracy of 398
approximating continuity correction 396
approximating binomial distribution 386
approximating binomial or Poisson distribution 412
approximating binomial probabilities 397
binomial distribution 384, 389, 392–393
approximating 398, 407
continuous 395
continuous data 337, 365
continuous distributions 352
continuous probability distributions 337
defined 339–340
discrete data 337
discrete data versus continuous data 326–327
empirical rule 645
finding ≤ probabilities 397
finding ≥ probabilities 397
finding between probabilities 397
frequency and continuous data 328
Gaussian distribution 352
height probabilities 338–341
in place of binomial distribution 389
median 352
normal probability tables 352
Poisson distribution 386, 406
Pool Puzzle 399–400
probability = area 331
probability density function 330–337, 337
probability for standardized range 347
probability of range 352
probability tables 349–352
standard score 345–347, 352
table 411
transforming 345
versus binomial distribution 393, 395
versus t-distributions 515
Normal Distribution Exposed 404
normal probabilities 359
calculating 341–352
determining distribution 343
standardizing normal variables 344
tables 349–352, 352, 658–659
nu (see ν (nu))
null hypothesis 528, 530, 543
numbers, using letters to represent 48–49
numerical data 18, 23
O
observations 222–224
independent 224
shortcuts 223
one-tailed tests 534, 539
outliers 57–59, 89–91, 93, 634
interquartile range 93
standard scores 122
P
p-value 535–536, 539
percentage sales 12
percentages with no frequencies 12
percentiles 98–99, 102
kth percentile 99, 102
perfect negative linear correlation 631
perfect positive linear correlation 631
permutations and combinations 241–268
arrangements 246
arranging by type 252–257
arranging duplicates 254
arranging objects in circle 247–248
combinations 260–263, 293
examining combinations 260–263
examining permutations 258–259
factorial 246
formulas for arrangements 248
permutations versus combinations 261
three-horse race 243–246
pie charts 8–9, 9, 23