Lowe D. Networking For Dummies
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The following paragraphs describe the Net File command’s parameters:
✦ ID: The file’s identification number.
✦ Close: Closes an open file and releases any locks that were placed on
the file.
To close a file, you must issue the command from the server where the file is
shared.
Net Files works, too.
To close an open file, first run Net File without any parameters to list
the open files. Here’s a sample of the output that you can expect from Net
File:
File Path Username #locks
---------------------------------------------
0 C:\BUDGET.DOC WARD 0
1 C:\RECIPE.MDF JUNE 4
Next, run Net File again, specifying the file number displayed for the file
that you want to close. For example, to close the RECIPE.MDF file, use this
command:
C:\>net file 1 /close
The Net Group command
This command lets you add, display, or change global groups. This com-
mand has a number of different syntaxes, depending on how you intend to
use it.
To display information about a group or to change a group’s comment, use
this syntax:
net group groupname [/comment:”text”] [/domain]
To create a new group, use this syntax:
net group groupname /add [/comment:”text”] [/domain]
To delete a group, use this syntax:
net group groupname /delete [/domain]
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Finally, to add or remove users from a group, use this syntax:
net group groupname username[ ...] {/add | /delete} [/domain]
The following paragraphs describe the parameters that you can use with the
Net Group command:
✦ Groupname: The name of the group to add, change, or delete. If you
specify this parameter and no others, a list of users in the group
appears.
✦ Comment: Specifies a comment for the group. The comment can be up to
48 characters in length and should be enclosed in quotation marks.
✦ Domain: Specifies that the operation should be performed on the primary
domain controller rather than on the local computer.
✦ Add: Creates a new group or adds users to an existing group. Before you
add a user to a group, you must first create a user account for the user.
✦ Delete: Removes a group or removes users from the group.
✦ Username: One or more usernames to be added to or removed from the
group. If you list more than one name, separate the names with spaces.
Windows isn’t picky: You can specify Net Groups rather than Net Group if
you want.
This example lists all the groups on a server:
C:\>net group
This example adds a group named Admin:
C:\>net group Admin /add
This example adds three users to the Admin group:
C:\>net group Admin Ward Wally June /add
This example lists the users in the Admin group:
C:\>net group Admin
The Net Help command
This command displays help for the Net command or for a specific Net
subcommand. Here’s the basic syntax:
net help [command]
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The command parameter can be any of the following commands:
ACCOUNTS HELP SHARE
COMPUTER HELPMSG START
CONFIG LOCALGROUP STATISTICS
CONFIG SERVER NAME STOP
CONFIG WORKSTATION PAUSE TIME
CONTINUE PRINT USE
FILE SEND USER
GROUP SESSION VIEW
You can type net help services to display a list of services that you can start
via the Net Start command.
The Net Helpmsg command
This command displays an explanation of network error codes. Here’s the
syntax:
net helpmsg message#
The message# parameter should be the four-digit number displayed when
the error occurred. For example, if you get an error with message 2180, use
this command to see an explanation of the error:
C:\>net helpmsg 2180
The service database is locked.
EXPLANATION
Another program is holding the service database lock.
ACTION
Wait for the lock to be released and try again later. If
it is possible to determine which program is holding the
lock, then end that program.
The Net Localgroup command
This command lets you add, display, or change local groups. This command
has a number of different syntaxes, depending on how you intend to use it.
To display information about a local group or to change a local group’s
comment, use this syntax:
net localgroup groupname [/comment:”text”] [/domain]
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To create a new group, use this syntax:
net localgroup groupname /add [/comment:”text”] [/domain]
To delete a group, use this syntax:
net localgroup groupname /delete [/domain]
Finally, to add users to or remove users from a group, use this syntax:
net localgroup groupname username[ ...] {/add | /delete}
[/domain]
The following paragraphs describe the parameters that you can use with the
Net Localgroup command:
✦ Groupname: The name of the group to add, change, or delete. If you
specify this parameter and no others, a list of users in the group
appears.
✦ Comment: Specifies a comment for the group. The comment can be up to
48 characters in length and should be enclosed in quotation marks.
✦ Domain: Specifies that the operation should be performed on the
primary domain controller rather than on the local computer.
✦ Add: Creates a new group or adds users to an existing group. Before you
add a user to a group, you must first create a user account for the user.
✦ Delete: Removes a group or removes users from the group.
✦ Username: One or more usernames to be added to or removed from the
group. If you list more than one name, separate the names with spaces.
This example lists all the local groups:
C:\>net localgroup
This example adds a local group named Admin:
C:\>net localgroup Admin /add
This example adds three users to the Admin local group:
C:\>net localgroup Admin Ward Wally June /add
This example lists the users in the Admin group:
C:\>net localgroup Admin
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The Net Name command
This command creates or removes an alias that can be used to send messages
to the computer, or it lists any existing aliases. Here’s the syntax:
net name [name {/add|/delete}]
You can use the following parameters with the Net Name command:
✦ Name: The name of the alias to create or remove.
✦ Add: Creates the alias.
✦ Delete: Removes the alias.
Use Net Name to specify a name for receiving messages. You must start the
Messenger service before you can use Net Name. Each messaging name
must be unique on the network. Names created with Net Name are strictly
for messaging — not for group names. Windows XP uses three name types.
To list the current names for a computer, use the Net Name command like
this:
C:\>net name
Name
--------------------------------------------------------
DOUG
DOUG LOWE
The command completed successfully.
To add the name T1000 to your computer, use this command:
C:\>net name T1000 /add
To delete the name, use this command:
C:\>net name T1000 /delete
The Net Pause command
This command temporarily pauses a service. It’s a good idea to pause a
service for a while before you stop the service altogether. That gives users
who are currently using the service a chance to finish up any pending tasks,
while at the same time preventing other users from beginning new sessions
with the service. To reactivate the service later, use the Net Continue
command.
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The syntax to pause a service is:
net pause service
Here are some typical services you can pause:
✦ Netlogon: The Net Logon service.
✦ Schedule: The Task Scheduler service.
✦ Server: The Server service.
✦ Workstation: The Workstation service.
Here’s an example that pauses the Workstation service:
CL>net pause workstation
If the service name has embedded spaces, enclose the service name in
quotation marks. For example, this command pauses the NT LM Security
Support Provider service:
C:\>net pause “nt lm security support provider”
The Net Print command
This command displays information about print jobs and shared print
queues. To display information about a print queue, use this syntax:
net print \\computername\sharename
To display information about a specific print job or to change the status of a
print job, use this syntax:
net print [\\computername] job#
[/HOLD | /RELEASE | /DELETE]
The following paragraphs describe the parameters of the Net Print command:
✦ \\computername: The name of the computer sharing the printer.
✦ Sharename: The name of the shared printer.
✦ job#: The identification number for the print job.
✦ Hold: Prevents a job in a queue from printing. The job remains in the
queue but is not printed until released.
✦ Release: Releases a job that was held.
✦ Delete: Removes a job from the print queue.
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To display the status of the print queue for a printer named LASER1 on a
computer named PSERVER, use this command:
C:\>net print \\PSERVER\LASER1
Printers at \\PSERVER
Name Job # Size Status
---------------------------------------------------------
LASER1Queue 3 jobs *Printer Active*
Ward 54 43546 Printing
Wally 55 13565 Waiting
Beaver 56 18321 Waiting
Now suppose that you happen to be user Beaver and you want to crowd
ahead of Wally’s print job. All you have to do is issue this command:
C:\>net print \\PSERVER 55 /hold
The Net Send command
This command lets you send messages to other users on the network. The
message pops up, interrupting whatever the user is doing. Use this command
sparingly, or you’ll lose friends quickly. Here’s the syntax:
net send {name | * | /domain[:name] | /users} message
Here’s what each of the parameters do:
✦ Name: Provides the name of the user or computer to whom you want to
send the message. (This can also be an alias created by the Net Name
command.) If the name includes spaces, enclose it in quotes.
✦ *: Sends the message to all computers in the domain or workgroup.
✦ Domain: Sends the message to everyone in the computer’s domain or
workgroup. If you specify a domain name, the message is sent to all
users in the specified domain or workgroup.
✦ Users: Sends the message to all users who are currently connected to
the server.
✦ Message: The message to be sent. Interestingly, you don’t have to
enclose the message in quotes even if it contains spaces.
To send the message “I’m shutting down the server in 10 minutes” to everyone
on the network, use this command:
C:\>net send * I’m shutting down the server in 10 minutes
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To send the message “How about lunch?” to a user named Pooh, use this
command:
C:\>net send pooh How about lunch?
The Net Session command
This command lets you view current server connections and kick users off, if
you feel inclined. Here’s the syntax:
net session [\\ComputerName] [/delete]
Here’s what the parameters do:
✦ ComputerName: Indicates which computer’s session you want to view or
disconnect. If you omit this parameter, all sessions are listed.
✦ Delete: Disconnects the computer’s session. Any open files are
immediately closed. If you use this parameter without specifying a
computer name, all computers currently connected to the server are
disconnected.
This is an obviously dangerous command. If you disconnect users while
they’re updating files or before they have a chance to save their work,
they will be hopping mad.
To find out who is connected to a computer, use this command:
C:\>net session
Computer User name Client type Opens Idle time
------------------------------------------------------------
\\DEN Ward Windows XP 1 00:00:4
\\BEDROOM Administrator Windows 2008 0 02:15:17
The Net Share command
This command lets you manage shared resources. To display information
about all shares or a specific share, use this syntax:
net share [ShareName]
To create a new share, use this syntax:
net share ShareName=path [{/users:number|/unlimited}]
[/remark:”text”] [/cache: {manual|automatic|no}]
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To change the properties of an existing share, use this syntax:
net share ShareName [{/users:number|unlimited}]
[/remark:”text”] [/cache: {manual|automatic|no}]
To delete an existing share, use this syntax:
net share {ShareName|drive:path} /delete
Here’s what each of the parameters do:
✦ ShareName: Specifies the share name. Use this parameter by itself to
display information about the share.
✦ Path: Specifies the path to the folder to be shared. The path should
include a drive letter. If the path includes spaces, enclose it in quotation
marks.
✦ Users: Specifies how many users can access the share concurrently.
✦ Unlimited: Specifies that an unlimited number of users can access the
share concurrently.
✦ Remark: Creates a descriptive comment for the share. The comment
should be enclosed in quotation marks.
✦ Cache: Specifies the caching option for the share.
✦ Delete: Stops sharing the folder.
If you use Net Share without any parameters, all the current shares are
listed, as shown in this example:
C:\>net share
Sharename Resource Remark
------------------------------------------------------
ADMIN$ C:\WINNT Remote Admin
C$ C:\ Default Share
print$ C:\WINNT\SYSTEM\SPOOL
IPC$ Remote IPC
LASER LPT1 Spooled Laser printer
The following example creates a share named Docs:
C:\>net share Docs=C:\SharedDocs /remark:”Shared documents”
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The Net Start command
This command lets you start a networking service or display a list of all the
services that are currently running. The syntax is
net start [service]
In most cases, you’ll use this command to start a service that you’ve previ-
ously stopped with the Net Stop command. In that case, you should first
run the Net Start command without any parameters to find the name of the
service that you want to stop. Make a note of the exact spelling of the service
that you want to stop. Then, use the Net Stop command to stop the service.
When you want to restart the service, use the Net Start command again —
this time specifying the service to start.
For example, suppose that you need to stop your DNS server. Using Net
Start, you discover that the name of the service is “DNS Server,” so you use
the following command to stop it:
C:\>net stop “DNS Server”
Then, you can later use this command to restart the service:
C:\>net start “DNS Server”
The Net Statistics command
This command lists the statistics log for the local Workstation or Server
service. The syntax is
net statistics [{workstation | server}]
You can specify Workstation or Server to indicate for which service
you’d like to view statistics.
If you use Net Statistics Workstation, the following information
appears:
✦ The computer name.
✦ The date and time the statistics were last updated.
✦ The number of bytes and server message blocks (SMB) received and
transmitted.
✦ The number of read and write operations that succeeded or failed.
✦ The number of network errors.
✦ The number of sessions that failed, disconnected, or were reconnected.
✦ The number of connections to shared resources that succeeded or
failed.
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