Brewster H.D. Solid State Physics
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Solid
State
Physics
"This page is Intentionally Left Blank"
Solid
State
Physics
Hilary
D.
Brewster
Oxford Book
Company
Jaipur,
India
ISBN: 978-93-80179-07-0
First Edition 2009
Oxford
Book
Company
267, lO-B-Scheme, Opp. Narayan Niwas,
Gopalpura By
Pass Road, Jaipur-3020l8
Phone: 0141-2594705, Fax: 0141-2597527
e-mail: oxfordbook@sify.com
website: www.oxfordbookcompany.com
© Reserved
Typeset
by:
Shivangi Computers
267, lO-B-Scheme. Opp. Narayan Niwas.
Gopalpura By
Pass Road, Jaipur-302018
Printed
at:
Rajdhani Printers, Delhi
All Rights are Reserved. No part
of
this publication may be reproduced, stored
in
a retrieval
system. or transmitted,
in
any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, scanning or otherwise, without the prior written permission
of
the copyright owner.
Responsibility for the facts stated. opinions expressed, conclusions reached and plagiarism, ifany,
in
this volume
is
entirely that
of
the Author, according to whom the matter encompassed
in
this
book has been originally created/edited and resemblance with any such publication may
be
incidental. The Publisher bears no responsibility for them, whatsoever.
Preface
Solid-state physics, the largest
branch
of condensed matter physics,
is the study of rigid matter,
or
solids,
through
methods
such as
quantum
mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism
and
metallurgy. Solid-state
physics considers
how
the large-scale properties of solid materials result
from
their
atomic-scale properties. Solid-state physics
thus
forms
the
theoretical basis of materials science, as well as
having
direct applications,
for example in
the
technology of transistors
and
semiconductors.
The
introductory
text,
written
by
author
is
designed
to become a
landmark
in
the
field
of
solid
state
physics
through
its
organized
unification of key topics. This book provides necessary information
about
solid
state
physics.
each
topic
discussed
are
explained
with
selected
examples
and
diagrams.
An
extraordinarily
readable
writing
style
combines with
chapter
opening
principles,
study
problems
and
beautiful
illustration to
make
this
book
an
ideal choice for students
and
teachers of
physics.
Hilary. D. Brewster
"This page is Intentionally Left Blank"
Contents
Preface
v
1.
Energy Dispersion Relations in Solids 1
2.
Effective Mass Theory
and
Transport
Phenomena
39
3.
Electron
and
Phonon Scattering
98
4.
Magneto-transport Phenomena
119
5.
Transport
in
Low Dimensional Systems
133
6.
Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy
150
7.
Time-Independent Perturbation Theory
164
8.
s
and
Electron-Phonon Interaction
173
9.
Artificial Atoms
and
Superconductivity
178
10.
Quantum
and
Statistical Mechanics
224
11.
Broken Translational Invariance
242
12.
Electronic Bands
263
Index
283
"This page is Intentionally Left Blank"
Chapter 1
Energy
Dispersion
Relations
in
Solids
The transport properties
of
solids are closely related to the energy
dispersion relations
E
(k)
in
these materials and
in
particular to the behavior
of
E
(k)
near
the
Fermi level. Conversely, the analysis
of
transport
measurements provides a great deal
of
information on E
(k).
Although
transport measurements donot generally provide the most sensitive tool for
studying
E
(k),
such measurements are fundamental to solid sthte physics
because they can be carried out on nearly all materials and therefore provide
a valuable tool for char-acterizing materials. To provide the necessary
background for the discussion
of
transport properties, we give here a brief
review
of
the energy dispersion relations E
(k)
in solids.
In
this connection,
the two limiting cases
of
weak and tight binding.
ONE
ELECTRON E
(k)
IN
SOLIDS
In the weak binding approximation, we assume that the periodic potential
V
(r)
= V
(r
+
~)
is
sufficiently weak so that the electrons behave almost as
if
they were free and the effect
of
the periodic potential can be handled in
perturbation theory.
In
this formulation V
(r)
can be an arbitrary periodic
potential. The weak binding approximation has achieved some success
in
describing the valence electrons
in
metals. For the core elec-trons, however,
the potential energy
is
comparable with the kinetic energy
so
that core electrons
are tightly bound and the weak binding approximation is not applicable. In
the weak binding approximation we solve the SchrAodinger equation
in
the
limit
of
a very weak periodic potential
HiJ,.'
=
E1\!.
Using time {independent perturbation theory we write
E(k)
= EO(k) + E(I)
(k)
+
E(2)(k)
+ ...
and take the unperturbed solution
to
correspond to V
(r)
= 0
so
that
E(O)
(k)