Демирчян К.С., Нейман Л.Р., Коровкин Н.В., Чечурин В.Л. Теоретические основы электротехники. Том 2
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Ñîäåðæàíèå
Î ñòðóêòóðå ó÷åáíèêà ...........................................15
×ÀÑÒÜ II. ÒÅÎÐÈß ËÈÍÅÉÍÛÕ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ ÖÅÏÅÉ
Ãëàâà 9. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ
ñ ñîñðåäîòî÷åííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè êëàññè÷åñêèì ìåòîäîì ................17
9.1. Î ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññàõ â ëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ ..........17
9.2. Îáùèé ïóòü ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ
â ëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ ..............................18
9.3. Ìåòîä ïåðåìåííûõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ................................19
9.4. Îïðåäåëåíèå ïîñòîÿííûõ èíòåãðèðîâàíèÿ èç íà÷àëüíûõ óñëîâèé .....21
9.5. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïè ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ñîåäèíåííûìè
ó÷àñòêàìè r è L............................................23
9.6. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïè
ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ñîåäèíåííûìè ó÷àñòêàìè r è C .................28
9.7. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïè
ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî ñîåäèíåííûìè ó÷àñòêàìè r, L è Ñ ...............33
9.8. Ðàçðÿä êîíäåíñàòîðà íà öåïü r, L .............................36
9.9. Âêëþ÷åíèå öåïè r, L, Ñ ïîä ïîñòîÿííîå íàïðÿæåíèå ...............42
9.10. Âêëþ÷åíèå öåïè r, L, Ñ ïîä ñèíóñîèäàëüíîå íàïðÿæåíèå ..........43
9.11. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû ïðè ìãíîâåííîì èçìåíåíèè
ïàðàìåòðîâ ó÷àñòêîâ öåïè ...................................46
9.12. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ñëîæíîé öåïè ..................51
9.13. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ ìåòîäîì ïåðåìåííûõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ ......55
9.14. ×èñëåííîå èíòåãðèðîâàíèå óðàâíåíèé ñîñòîÿíèÿ ................67
9.15. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü ìåòîäîâ ÷èñëåííîãî èíòåãðèðîâàíèÿ ...............71
9.16. Æåñòêîñòü ñèñòåì äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé .......................................76
9.17. Ñèñòåìíûå ìåòîäû ÷èñëåííîãî ðåøåíèÿ óðàâíåíèé ñîñòîÿíèÿ
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé .......................................81
9.18. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ ìåòîäîì
ñèíòåòè÷åñêèõ ñõåì ........................................86
Ãëàâà 10. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â öåïÿõ ñ ñîñðåäîòî÷åííûìè
ïàðàìåòðàìè îïåðàòîðíûì ìåòîäîì.................................93
10.1. Îïåðàòîðíîå èçîáðàæåíèå ôóíêöèé, èõ ïðîèçâîäíûõ è èíòåãðàëîâ...93
10.2. Ïðèìåðû èçîáðàæåíèé ôóíêöèé .............................96
10.3. Çàêîíû Êèðõãîôà è Îìà â îïåðàòîðíîé ôîðìå ..................98
10.4. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ
îïåðàòîðíûì ìåòîäîì .....................................101
10.5. Ïåðåõîä îò èçîáðàæåíèé ê îðèãèíàëó. Òåîðåìà ðàçëîæåíèÿ .......104
10.6. Ñâîéñòâà êîðíåé õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêîãî óðàâíåíèÿ ...............108
Ãëàâà 11. Ñïåêòðàëüíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå íåïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ
ôóíêöèé — èíòåãðàëüíîå ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå Ôóðüå. Ðàñ÷åò
ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ ìåòîäîì ÷àñòîòíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ...............110
11.1. Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå íåïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ôóíêöèé âðåìåíè
ñ ïîìîùüþ èíòåãðàëà Ôóðüå .................................110
11.2. ×àñòîòíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ................................112
11.3. Ïîëó÷åíèå ÷àñòîòíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê çàäàííîé ôóíêöèè âðåìåíè ...113
11.4. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðè ïîìîùè
÷àñòîòíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ...................................116
11.5. Ñâÿçü ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ôóðüå ñ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèåì Ëàïëàñà.
Ïîíÿòèå î êîìïëåêñíîé ÷àñòîòå ..............................119
Ãëàâà 12. Ðàñ÷åò ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè
èìïóëüñíûõ ÝÄÑ è ÝÄÑ ïðîèçâîëüíîé ôîðìû.........................121
12.1. Ïîíÿòèå îá èìïóëüñíûõ ÝÄÑ è èìïóëüñíûõ ñèñòåìàõ .............121
12.2. Ïåðåõîäíûå è èìïóëüñíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè
è ðàñ÷åò öåïè ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè èìïóëüñíîé ÝÄÑ ..................122
12.3. Ðàñ÷åò öåïè ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè ÝÄÑ ïðîèçâîëüíîé ôîðìû —
èíòåãðàë Äþàìåëÿ ........................................126
12.4. Ðàñ÷åò óñòàíîâèâøèõñÿ ðåæèìîâ ïðè ïîìîùè èíòåãðàëà Äþàìåëÿ
è ïðàâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ëàïëàñà ...........................128
12.5. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ñëîæíûõ öåïÿõ ïðè ïîìîùè
ïðàâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ëàïëàñà .............................132
12.6. Ðàñ÷åò ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ïðè âîçäåéñòâèè èìïóëüñíûõ ÝÄÑ
ìåòîäîì ïðàâîãî ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ Ëàïëàñà ......................134
12.7. Ðàñ÷åò öåïè ïðè äåéñòâèè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè èìïóëüñîâ
ïóòåì ðåøåíèÿ ðàçíîñòíûõ óðàâíåíèé öåïè .....................139
12.8. Ìåòîä z-ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ..................................145
12.9. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ
ìåòîäîì z-ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ..................................148
12.10. Î ñëó÷àéíûõ ïðîöåññàõ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ ................151
4 Ñîäåðæàíèå
Âîïðîñû è óïðàæíåíèÿ ê ãëàâàì 9–12 ..............................153
9.1. Îáùèé ïóòü ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ. Ìåòîä
ïåðåìåííûõ ñîñòîÿíèÿ .....................................153
9.2. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïÿõ r, L è r, C .......................156
9.3. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïè r, L, C ..........................158
9.4. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïÿõ ïðè ìãíîâåííîì èçìåíåíèè
ïàðàìåòðîâ ó÷àñòêîâ öåïè ..................................158
10.1. Îïåðàòîðíûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ ôóíêöèé, èõ ïðîèçâîäíûõ
è èíòåãðàëîâ ............................................159
10.2. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ îïåðàòîðíûì ìåòîäîì ............160
11.1. ×àñòîòíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè íåïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ñèãíàëîâ ...........163
11.2. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ ïðè ïîìîùè
÷àñòîòíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ñèãíàëîâ è ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ..........165
12.1. Ïåðåõîäíûå è èìïóëüñíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé....165
12.2. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â öåïÿõ ïðè ïîìîùè
èíòåãðàëà Äþàìåëÿ .......................................167
12.3. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â öåïÿõ ïðè äåéñòâèè
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè èìïóëüñîâ...............................168
Ãëàâà 13. Àíàëèç îáùèõ ñâîéñòâ ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ ...................170
13.1. Ðàçëè÷íûå âèäû óðàâíåíèé ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà .................170
13.2. Ýêâèâàëåíòíûå ñõåìû ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà .....................174
13.3. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà ...175
13.4. Ñîåäèíåíèÿ ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ
è ìàòðè÷íàÿ çàïèñü óðàâíåíèé ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà ................176
13.5. Ïåðåäàòî÷íûå ôóíêöèè ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ ...................178
13.6. Äèôôåðåíöèðóþùèå è èíòåãðèðóþùèå öåïè...................183
13.7. Îáðàòíûå ñâÿçè.........................................185
13.8. Àêòèâíûé ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèê ...............................187
13.9. ×óâñòâèòåëüíîñòü õàðàêòåðèñòèê ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé
ê èçìåíåíèþ ïàðàìåòðîâ ýëåìåíòîâ ...........................189
Ãëàâà 14. Öåïíûå ñõåìû. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû. Ñòðóêòóðíûå ñõåìû......192
14.1. Õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêèå ïàðàìåòðû ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà..............192
14.2. Ïåðåäàòî÷íûå ôóíêöèè ñîãëàñîâàííûõ öåïíûõ ñõåì .............195
14.3. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû ..................................196
14.4. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû íèæíèõ ÷àñòîò òèïà k .................199
Ñîäåðæàíèå 5
14.5. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû íèæíèõ ÷àñòîò òèïà m .................201
14.6. Ìåòîä ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ÷àñòîòû. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû
âåðõíèõ ÷àñòîò. Ïîëîñîâûå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû ...............203
14.7. Ñòðóêòóðíûå ñõåìû ......................................205
14.8. Ê âîïðîñó îá óñòîé÷èâîñòè â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ...............208
Âîïðîñû óïðàæíåíèÿ è çàäà÷è ê ãëàâàì 13–14 ........................212
13.1. Óðàâíåíèÿ è ñèñòåìû ïàðàìåòðîâ ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ ...........212
13.2. Ñõåìû, ýêâèâàëåíòíûå ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêó.....................214
13.3. Ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà ...214
13.4. Ñîåäèíåíèå ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ ............................215
13.5. Ïåðåäàòî÷íûå ôóíêöèè ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ ...................216
13.6. Îáðàòíûå ñâÿçè ........................................219
14.1. Õàðàêòåðèñòè÷åñêèå ïàðàìåòðû ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà..............220
14.2. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû ..................................222
14.3. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû íèæíèõ ÷àñòîò òèïîâ k è m .............224
14.4. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå ôèëüòðû íèæíèõ ÷àñòîò.......................225
14.5. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ .........................225
Ãëàâà 15. Ñèíòåç ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ..............................228
15.1. Çàäà÷à ñèíòåçà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé.........................228
15.2. Ñâîéñòâà âõîäíûõ ôóíêöèé ïàññèâíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé .......229
15.3. Ïðåäñòàâëåíèå âõîäíûõ ôóíêöèé â âèäå ïðîñòûõ äðîáåé .........231
15.4. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ âõîäíûõ ôóíêöèé äâóõïîëþñíèêà, èìåþùèõ
âåùåñòâåííûå è ìíèìûå êîðíè çíàìåíàòåëÿ, ïðè ïîìîùè
ðàçëîæåíèÿ ýòèõ ôóíêöèé íà ïðîñòûå äðîáè.....................232
15.5. Ðåàëèçàöèÿ âõîäíûõ ôóíêöèé äâóõïîëþñíèêà, èìåþùèõ
òîëüêî ìíèìûå êîðíè çíàìåíàòåëÿ, ïðè ïîìîùè ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ
ýòèõ ôóíêöèé â âèäå öåïíûõ äðîáåé ...........................236
15.6. Ñèíòåç âõîäíîé ôóíêöèè äâóõïîëþñíèêà â îáùåì ñëó÷àå.
Ïðîâåðêà îòñóòñòâèÿ íóëåé è ïîëþñîâ â ïðàâîé ïîëóïëîñêîñòè.......242
15.7. Ñèíòåç âõîäíîé ôóíêöèè äâóõïîëþñíèêà â îáùåì ñëó÷àå. Ïðîâåðêà
óñëîâèÿ ïîëîæèòåëüíîñòè ôóíêöèè Re [F(p)] ³ 0 ïðè Re (p) = s³0....244
15.8. Ñèíòåç âõîäíîé ôóíêöèè äâóõïîëþñíèêà â îáùåì ñëó÷àå.
Ðåàëèçàöèÿ çàäàííûõ ôóíêöèé, èìåþùèõ âåùåñòâåííûå,
ìíèìûå è êîìïëåêñíûå êîðíè ................................247
15.9. Î ñèíòåçå ïåðåäàòî÷íûõ ôóíêöèé ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêà ............251
6 Ñîäåðæàíèå
Ãëàâà 16. Äèàãíîñòèêà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé..........................254
16.1. Çàäà÷è è ìåòîäû äèàãíîñòèêè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé..............254
16.2. Äèàãíîñòèêà ïàññèâíûõ öåïåé ìåòîäîì óçëîâûõ ñîïðîòèâëåíèé ....256
16.3. Äèàãíîñòèêà ïàññèâíûõ öåïåé îáîáùåííûì ìåòîäîì óçëîâûõ
ñîïðîòèâëåíèé ...........................................262
16.4. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå ìåòîäà óçëîâûõ ñîïðîòèâëåíèé äëÿ äèàãíîñòèêè
àêòèâíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ...............................264
16.5. Äèàãíîñòèêà ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé â óñëîâèÿõ íåïîëíîòû
è ïðîòèâîðå÷èâîñòè èñõîäíûõ äàííûõ..........................265
16.6. Äèàãíîñòèêè ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé, îáëàäàþùèõ
æåñòêèìè ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèìè ìîäåëÿìè..........................267
Ãëàâà 17. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå öåïè ñ ðàñïðåäåëåííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè
ïðè óñòàíîâèâøåìñÿ ðåæèìå .....................................275
17.1. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå öåïè ñ ðàñïðåäåëåííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè............275
17.2. Óðàâíåíèÿ ëèíèè ñ ðàñïðåäåëåííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè ..............276
17.3. Ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèé îäíîðîäíîé ëèíèè
ïðè óñòàíîâèâøåìñÿ ñèíóñîèäàëüíîì ðåæèìå ....................278
17.4. Î ìîäåëèðîâàíèè îäíîðîäíîé ëèíèè öåïíîé ñõåìîé .............280
17.5. Áåãóùèå âîëíû .........................................280
17.6. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè îäíîðîäíîé ëèíèè. Óñëîâèÿ äëÿ íåèñêàæàþùåé
ëèíèè ..................................................283
17.7. Îäíîðîäíàÿ ëèíèÿ ïðè ðàçëè÷íûõ ðåæèìàõ ðàáîòû ..............284
17.8. Ëèíèè áåç ïîòåðü .......................................287
Ãëàâà 18. Ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå öåïè ñ ðàñïðåäåëåííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè
ïðè ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññàõ.......................................291
18.1. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïÿõ ñ ðàñïðåäåëåííûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè ....291
18.2. Ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèé îäíîðîäíîé íåèñêàæàþùåé ëèíèè
ïðè ïåðåõîäíîì ïðîöåññå êëàññè÷åñêèì ìåòîäîì .................291
18.3. Ðåøåíèå óðàâíåíèé îäíîðîäíîé íåèñêàæàþùåé ëèíèè
ïðè ïåðåõîäíîì ïðîöåññå îïåðàòîðíûì ìåòîäîì .................294
18.4. Âîëíû â íåèñêàæàþùåé ëèíèè .............................296
18.5. Î ïðîèñõîæäåíèè è õàðàêòåðå âîëí â ëèíèÿõ ..................298
18.6. Ïðåëîìëåíèå è îòðàæåíèå âîëí
â ìåñòå ñîïðÿæåíèÿ äâóõ îäíîðîäíûõ ëèíèé.....................299
18.7. Îòðàæåíèå âîëí îò êîíöà ëèíèè ............................301
18.8. Ïðîöåññ âêëþ÷åíèÿ îäíîðîäíîé ëèíèè .......................304
Ñîäåðæàíèå 7
18.9. Ïðîõîæäåíèå âîëí ïðè íàëè÷èè ðåàêòèâíîãî ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ
â ìåñòå ñîïðÿæåíèÿ îäíîðîäíûõ ëèíèé.........................306
18.10. Ïðîõîæäåíèå âîëí ïðè íàëè÷èè àêòèâíîãî ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ
â ìåñòå ñîïðÿæåíèÿ îäíîðîäíûõ ëèíèé.........................309
Âîïðîñû, óïðàæíåíèÿ è çàäà÷è ê ãëàâàì 15–18 .......................312
15.1. Ñèíòåç äâóõïîëþñíèêîâ ..................................312
15.2. Ñèíòåç ÷åòûðåõïîëþñíèêîâ................................312
17.1. Ðàñ÷åò óñòàíîâèâøèõñÿ ðåæèìîâ äëèííîé ëèíèè ................313
17.2. Íåèñêàæàþùàÿ äëèííàÿ ëèíèÿ .............................315
17.3. Ðåæèìû õîëîñòîãî õîäà è êîðîòêîãî çàìûêàíèÿ äëèííîé ëèíèè .....316
18.1. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â îäíîé äëèííîé ëèíèè .................317
18.2. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû ïðè ñîåäèíåíèè íåñêîëüêèõ äëèííûõ ëèíèé . . 318
18.3. Îòðàæåíèå âîëí îò êîíöà äëèííîé ëèíèè .....................320
×ÀÑÒÜ III. ÒÅÎÐÈß ÍÅËÈÍÅÉÍÛÕ ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÕ È ÌÀÃÍÈÒÍÛÕ ÖÅÏÅÉ
Ãëàâà 19. Ýëåìåíòû íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé,
èõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêè è ïàðàìåòðû ...................................323
19.1. Îñîáûå ñâîéñòâà íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ..............323
19.2. Ýëåìåíòû ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè ñ íåëèíåéíûìè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿìè,
èõ ïàðàìåòðû è õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ..............................325
19.3. Ñèììåòðè÷íûå è íåñèììåòðè÷íûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýëåìåíòîâ
ñ íåëèíåéíûìè ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿìè .............................327
19.4. Èíåðöèîííûå è áåçûíåðöèîííûå ýëåìåíòû
ñ íåëèíåéíûì ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì ...............................332
19.5. Õàðàêòåðèñòèêè ýëåìåíòîâ ñ íåëèíåéíûì ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì,
ïîçâîëÿþùèå îñóùåñòâèòü ñòàáèëèçàöèþ òîêà èëè íàïðÿæåíèÿ ......333
19.6. Ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûå äèîäû êàê íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè .......................................335
19.7. Óïðàâëÿåìûå íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû. Èîííûé ïðèáîð
ñ óïðàâëÿþùèì ýëåêòðîäîì .................................342
19.8. Óïðàâëÿåìûå íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû.
Òðåõýëåêòðîäíàÿ ýëåêòðîííàÿ ëàìïà ..........................343
19.9. Òðåõýëåêòðîäíàÿ ýëåêòðîííàÿ ëàìïà êàê ýëåìåíò
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè .......................................344
19.10. Óïðàâëÿåìûå íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû. Ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûå òðèîäû . . 346
19.11. Ïîëóïðîâîäíèêîâûé òðèîä êàê ýëåìåíò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè ......349
8 Ñîäåðæàíèå
19.12. Óïðàâëÿåìûå íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû. Òèðèñòîðû ...............354
19.13. Íåëèíåéíûå ñâîéñòâà ôåððîìàãíèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ.............355
19.14. Íåëèíåéíûå õàðàêòåðèñòèêè è ïàðàìåòðû êàòóøêè
ñ ñåðäå÷íèêîì èç ôåððîìàãíèòíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ...................361
19.15. Êîíäåíñàòîðû ñ íåëèíåéíîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêîé .................363
19.16. Èñòî÷íèêè ÝÄÑ è èñòî÷íèêè òîêà
ñ íåëèíåéíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè.............................366
Ãëàâà 20. Ðàñ÷åò íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ è ìàãíèòíûõ öåïåé
ïðè ïîñòîÿííîì òîêå ...........................................368
20.1. Î ðàñ÷åòå íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ïðè ïîñòîÿííîì òîêå...368
20.2. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîå, ïàðàëëåëüíîå è ñìåøàííîå ñîåäèíåíèÿ
ó÷àñòêîâ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè, ñîäåðæàùèõ íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû
è íå ñîäåðæàùèõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ÝÄÑ.............................369
20.3. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîå, ïàðàëëåëüíîå è ñìåøàííîå ñîåäèíåíèÿ
ó÷àñòêîâ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè, ñîäåðæàùèõ íåëèíåéíûå ýëåìåíòû
è èñòî÷íèêè ÝÄÑ..........................................372
20.4. Ðàñ÷åò ñëîæíîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè
ñ îäíèì íåëèíåéíûì ýëåìåíòîì ..............................374
20.5. Ðàñ÷åò ñëîæíîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè
ñ äâóìÿ íåëèíåéíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè ............................376
20.6. Ðàñ÷åò ñëîæíîé ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè
ñ òðåìÿ íåëèíåéíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè.............................377
20.7. Ðàñ÷åò ñëîæíîé íåëèíåéíîé öåïè ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà
÷èñëåííûìè ìåòîäàìè .....................................380
20.8. Ñîñòàâëåíèå ñèñòåìû íåëèíåéíûõ óðàâíåíèé
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà
ïðè óñëîâèè îáåñïå÷åíèÿ åäèíñòâåííîñòè ðåøåíèÿ................384
20.9. Àíàëèòè÷åñêîå èññëåäîâàíèå îñîáûõ ñâîéñòâ íåëèíåéíûõ
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà ïðè ìàëûõ îòêëîíåíèÿõ
îò çàäàííîãî ðåæèìà ......................................388
20.10. Çàêîíû è ïàðàìåòðû ìàãíèòíûõ öåïåé.......................392
20.11. Ðàñ÷åò ìàãíèòíîé öåïè ñ ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûì
ñîåäèíåíèåì ó÷àñòêîâ .....................................395
20.12. Ðàñ÷åò ðàçâåòâëåííûõ ìàãíèòíûõ öåïåé .....................397
20.13. Î ðàñ÷åòå ïîñòîÿííûõ ìàãíèòîâ ...........................399
20.14. Î ðàñ÷åòå ìàãíèòíûõ öåïåé ñ ïîñòîÿííûìè ìàãíèòàìè ..........400
Ñîäåðæàíèå 9
Ãëàâà 21. Íåëèíåéíûå ýëåêòðè÷åñêèå è ìàãíèòíûå öåïè
ïðè ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññàõ ....................................402
21.1. Îñîáåííîñòè ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ â ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ
ñ èíåðöèîííûìè íåëèíåéíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè ......................402
21.2. Ïðîöåññû â öåïè ñ èíäóêòèâíûì èíåðöèîííûì
ýëåêòðîìåõàíè÷åñêèì ýëåìåíòîì .............................404
21.3. Îñîáåííîñòè ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ â öåïÿõ
ñ áåçûíåðöèîííûìè íåëèíåéíûìè ýëåìåíòàìè. Ìåòîä
ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ ñèíóñîèä....................................406
21.4. Ôîðìû êðèâûõ òîêà, ìàãíèòíîãî ïîòîêà è ÝÄÑ
â êàòóøêå ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì ......................407
21.5. Ïîòåðè â ñåðäå÷íèêàõ èç ôåððîìàãíèòíîãî ìàòåðèàëà ...........409
21.6. Ýêâèâàëåíòíûå ñèíóñîèäû è çàâèñèìîñòü
ìåæäó ïîòîêîñöåïëåíèåì è òîêîì.............................410
21.7. Óðàâíåíèå, âåêòîðíàÿ äèàãðàììà è ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ ñõåìà
êàòóøêè ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì .......................411
21.8. Êîìïëåêñíîå ìàãíèòíîå ñîïðîòèâëåíèå ìàãíèòíîé öåïè ..........412
21.9. Óðàâíåíèÿ, âåêòîðíàÿ äèàãðàììà è ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ ñõåìà
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì .................413
21.10. Ãðàôè÷åñêèé ìåòîä ðàñ÷åòà, îñíîâàííûé
íà ââåäåíèè ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ ñèíóñîèä ..........................416
21.11. ßâëåíèå ôåððîðåçîíàíñà ïðè ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîì ñîåäèíåíèè
êàòóøêè ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì è êîíäåíñàòîðà ..........417
21.12. ßâëåíèå ôåððîðåçîíàíñà ïðè ïàðàëëåëüíîì ñîåäèíåíèè
êàòóøêè ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì è êîíäåíñàòîðà ...........420
21.13. Ôåððîìàãíèòíûå ñòàáèëèçàòîðû íàïðÿæåíèÿ .................421
21.14. Óïðàâëÿåìûå èíäóêòèâíûå ýëåìåíòû íåëèíåéíîé öåïè.
Ôåððîìàãíèòíûé óñèëèòåëü ìîùíîñòè .........................423
21.15. Ìåòîä ãàðìîíè÷åñêîãî áàëàíñà äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà
ïåðèîäè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíûõ öåïÿõ ...................424
21.16. Âûäåëåíèå âûñøèõ ãàðìîíèê â íåëèíåéíûõ öåïÿõ
ñ öåëüþ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèÿ ÷àñòîòû .............................427
21.17. Óìíîæåíèå ÷àñòîòû ñ ïîìîùüþ ôåððîìàãíèòíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ,
îñíîâàííîå íà âûäåëåíèè ãàðìîíèê íóëåâîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè.....427
21.18. Ðàñ÷åò ïðîöåññîâ â öåïè ìåòîäîì ñîïðÿæåíèÿ
èíòåðâàëîâ ïðè êóñî÷íî-ëèíåéíîé àïïðîêñèìàöèè
õàðàêòåðèñòèê íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ..........................429
10 Ñîäåðæàíèå
21.19. Î ðàñ÷åòå íåëèíåéíûõ öåïåé ñ âåíòèëÿìè. Âûïðÿìëåíèå
ïåðåìåííîãî òîêà .........................................430
21.20. Ðåãóëèðîâàíèå âûïðÿìèòåëåé è ïðåîáðàçîâàíèå
ïîñòîÿííîãî òîêà â ïåðåìåííûé ñ ïîìîùüþ óïðàâëÿåìûõ âåíòèëåé ...432
21.21. Êîíäåíñàòîðû ñ íåëèíåéíûìè õàðàêòåðèñòèêàìè
â öåïè ïåðåìåííîãî òîêà ...................................436
21.22. Î êîýôôèöèåíòå ìîùíîñòè ïðè ïèòàíèè íåëèíåéíîé öåïè
îò èñòî÷íèêà ñèíóñîèäàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ......................438
Ãëàâà 22. Ýëåìåíòû òåîðèè êîëåáàíèé è ìåòîäû ðàñ÷åòà
ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ...............439
22.1. Îñîáåííîñòè êîëåáàòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ
â íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ............................439
22.2. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü ðåæèìà â öåïè ñ èíäóêòèâíîñòüþ è íåëèíåéíûì
ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì, ïèòàåìîé îò èñòî÷íèêà ïîñòîÿííîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ ....439
22.3. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü ðåæèìà â öåïè ñ åìêîñòüþ è íåëèíåéíûì
ñîïðîòèâëåíèåì, ïèòàåìîé îò èñòî÷íèêà ïîñòîÿííîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ ....441
22.4. Î âûáîðå ýêâèâàëåíòíîé ñõåìû äëÿ ðàññìîòðåíèÿ âîïðîñà
îá óñòîé÷èâîñòè ..........................................442
22.5. Îáùèå ñîîáðàæåíèÿ îá óñòîé÷èâîñòè ðåæèìà
â ñëîæíûõ íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ, ïèòàåìûõ
îò èñòî÷íèêîâ ïîñòîÿííîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ ........................444
22.6. Âîçáóæäåíèå àâòîêîëåáàíèé â íåëèíåéíîé ñèñòåìå
ñ îáðàòíîé ñâÿçüþ. Òðàíçèñòîðíûé ãåíåðàòîð ...................448
22.7. Ðåëàêñàöèîííûå êîëåáàíèÿ ................................453
22.8. Ìåòîäû ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíûõ
ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ.......................................455
22.9. Ìåòîä ãðàôè÷åñêîãî èíòåãðèðîâàíèÿ äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà
ïåðåõîäíîãî ïðîöåññà â íåëèíåéíîé öåïè.......................456
22.10. Àíàëèòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ,
îñíîâàííûé íà ïðèáëèæåííîì àíàëèòè÷åñêîì âûðàæåíèè
õàðàêòåðèñòèêè íåëèíåéíîãî ýëåìåíòà .........................460
22.11. Ìåòîä ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíûõ èíòåðâàëîâ äëÿ ðàñ÷åòà
ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíîé öåïè ......................463
22.12. Ìåòîä ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíîé öåïè,
îñíîâàííûé íà óñëîâíîé ëèíåàðèçàöèè óðàâíåíèÿ öåïè ............466
22.13. Èçîáðàæåíèå ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ íà ôàçîâîé ïëîñêîñòè.......468
Ñîäåðæàíèå 11
22.14. Ìåòîä èçîêëèí äëÿ ïîñòðîåíèÿ ôàçîâûõ òðàåêòîðèé
è ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ .............................472
22.15. Ìåòîä ìåäëåííî ìåíÿþùèõñÿ àìïëèòóä — ìåòîä Âàí-äåð-Ïîëÿ ....475
22.16. ×àñòîòíûå ñâîéñòâà íåëèíåéíûõ öåïåé ......................480
22.17. Çíà÷åíèå íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé
â ñîâðåìåííîé òåõíèêå .....................................481
Âîïðîñû, çàäà÷è è óïðàæíåíèÿ ê ãëàâàì 19–22 .......................482
19.1. Ïàðàìåòðû ýëåìåíòîâ íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ..........482
19.2. Òðàíçèñòîð êàê ýëåìåíò ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé öåïè ...................482
19.3. Íåëèíåéíûå ñâîéñòâà ôåððîìàãíèòíûõ ìàòåðèàëîâ .............484
19.4. Àïïðîêñèìàöèÿ íåëèíåéíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ....................485
20.1. Ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîå, ïàðàëëåëüíîå è ñìåøàííîå ñîåäèíåíèå
íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé.....................485
20.2. Ìåòîäû ðàñ÷åòà íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïåé ..............486
20.3. Íåëèíåéíûå ìàãíèòíûå öåïè...............................488
21.1. Ôîðìû êðèâûõ òîêà è íàïðÿæåíèÿ â íåëèíåéíûõ öåïÿõ. Ìåòîä
ýêâèâàëåíòíûõ ñèíóñîèä....................................489
21.2. Êàòóøêà è òðàíñôîðìàòîð ñ ôåððîìàãíèòíûì ñåðäå÷íèêîì.
ßâëåíèå ôåððîðåçîíàíñà ...................................490
21.3. Ìåòîäû ãàðìîíè÷åñêîãî áàëàíñà è êóñî÷íî-ëèíåéíîé
àïïðîêñèìàöèè íåëèíåéíûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèê ......................492
22.1. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü ñîñòîÿíèÿ ðàâíîâåñèÿ .........................492
22.2. Àâòîêîëåáàíèÿ â íåëèíåéíûõ ýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ ..............493
22.3. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ â íåëèíåéíûõ öåïÿõ ..............494
22.4. Ìåòîä ôàçîâîé ïëîñêîñòè .................................496
Îòâåòû íà âîïðîñû, ðåøåíèÿ óïðàæíåíèé è çàäà÷ .....................497
9.1. Îáùèé ïóòü ðàñ÷åòà ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ. Ìåòîä ïåðåìåííûõ
ñîñòîÿíèÿ ...............................................497
9.2. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïÿõ r, L è r, C .......................500
9.3. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïè r, L, C ..........................501
9.4. Ïåðåõîäíûå ïðîöåññû â öåïÿõ ïðè ìãíîâåííîì èçìåíåíèè
ïàðàìåòðîâ ó÷àñòêîâ öåïè ..................................502
10.1. Îïåðàòîðíûå èçîáðàæåíèÿ ôóíêöèé, èõ ïðîèçâîäíûõ
è èíòåãðàëîâ ............................................502
10.2. Ðàñ÷åò ïåðåõîäíûõ ïðîöåññîâ îïåðàòîðíûì ìåòîäîì ............503
12 Ñîäåðæàíèå