Парахина А.В., Шляхова В.А. Английский язык для дистанционного обучения. Книга 3

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11. They were so tired that they could hardly walk. 12. My friend smokes a lot

and we call him a hard-smoker.

VI.

Near -

близко, рядом

nearly -

почти

1. He lived near the Institute. 2. Westminster Abbey is the church where

nearly all the kings and queens have been crowned. 3. Modern English has the

words borrowed (заимствованные) from nearly all European languages. 4.

Ne arly all the schools in England and Wales have been reorganised into com-

prehensive schools. 5. The building will be rec onstruc ted in the near future. 6.

Ne ar the house there was a beautiful garden with many trees and flowers. 7. The

village w as near the railroad and when a train passed by it was very noisy.

VII.

Bad -

плохой

badly -

плохо, очень, сильно

1. I don’t like to go out in bad weather. 2. He was badly wounded

(ранен). 3. The translation was badly done. 4. A young man was badly in love

with a girl but she did not pay attention to him. 5. My younger brother is a bad

boy, he doesn’t obey me (не слушается). 6. That was a very bad time, the sun

was shinning badly, there was no rain, there was nothing to eat and to drink for

animals. 7. The experiment was carried out under very bad conditions and the

results were poor.

VIII. the (more) ... the (better) (чем (больше) ... тем (лучше))

1. The longer is the night, the shorter is the day. 2. The longer we

worked with the professor, the more we liked him. 3. Th e m ore we study, the

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more we know. Th e m ore we know, the more we forget. 4. The stronger is

the wind, the higher are the waves. 5. Th e m ore literature you read, the more

interesting w ill be your report.

IX. Very

очень

the very

именно тот (та) самый (ая)

1. Newton was very modest (скромный). 2. The next ten years were very

hard. 3. This is the very book I wanted to have. 4. Thank you very much. 5.

That was the very man I had seen at the station the day before. 6. She was very

beautiful and she was the very woman I was in love with all my heart. 7. She

was the very person we could rely upon (положиться). 8. We spent a lot of

time to find the very man who can play this role. 9. Be very careful w hile c ross-

ing the street.

X. One (функции)

1. One of the most interesting rooms in the British Museum is the one devoted

to Egypt. 2. One of the most peculiar features of life in England is the preserv-

ing (сохранение) of many traditions. 3. When one sees the warders at the

Tower of London, one feels carried back to the age of Queen Elisabeth I. 4.

When one doesn’t know grammar, one often makes many mistakes. 5. One can

do it at once. 6. One must do one’s duty. 7. One should be attentive at the les-

son. 8. This pen is better than the old one. 9. The new textbook is more interest-

ing than the old one. 10. The first text was easy, but the one you are translating

now is very difficult. 11. For centuries England and Wales have formed one sin-

gle political and administrative unit. 12. If one goes to Wales and can’t under-

stand what people are saying, one must know they are speaking Welsh. 13. In

the West End of London one can see the famous St. Paul’s Cathedral, the mas-

terpiece of the well-known English architect Christopher Wren. 14. Have you

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heard of Fleet Street - the street where most of British newspapers are printed?

The national papers are the ones sold over the country. 15. There are two types

of national papers - the “popular” (массовая) papers and the “quality”

(солидная) ones for more serious readers. 16. One plus one makes two. 17. I

want to buy one of these books.

XI. Усилительная конструкция It is ... that (who, which ...) (Слова,

стоящие между it is ... и that переводятся со словами именно, как раз.)

1. It was these books that I gave him. 2. It was I who gave Ann the

books. 3. It was yesterday that I gave Ann these books. 4. It is our stu-

dent who takes part in the conference. 5. It is your book which (that) is

on the table. 6. It is in this journal that you will find the nec ess ary in-

formation. 7. It is two months since he left the town (Уже ...) 8. It was

Russian scientist Popov, who invented the radio. 9. It was Mendeleev

who established the Periodic Table of Elements. 10. It was U.Gagarin

who was the first man is space. 11. It was Lomonosov who became the

founder of Moscow State University. 12. It was U. Dolgoruki who

founded Moscow in 1147.

XII.

Because -

так как, потому что

because of -

из-за, благодаря

1. Because of their traditions, historical associations and reputation the

prestige of Oxford and Cambridge is very high. 2. Because of the

plague (чума) Cambridge was closed and Newton returned to the coun-

try. 3. The fact that the earth is flattened (сплющена) at the poles be -

cause of rotation was explained. 4. I haven’t seen him since May, be -

cause I was not in the city. 5. We went to the sea-shore be cause the

day was very hot and it was pleasant to swim in the sea and to lay in the

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sun. 6. We can speak English fluently because we worked hard all the

year. 7. She couldn’t meet him be cause of her illnes s. 8. He did not re-

turn the book to the library be cause he had lost it.

XIII. every +

{

body

thing

where

1. She remembered his every word. 2. Eve rybody was waiting for the signal. 3.

He knew every

thing about the man. 4. He looked for the lost (потерянные)

glasses every

whe re . 5. Eve rything was explained. 6. He goes to the Institute

every day.

XIV. any +

{

body

thing

where

any

любой

1. Have you got any money about you? 2. Is there any

body in the room?

3. Is there any

thing on the table? 4. Will you go anywhe re ? 5. I am

ready to translate any text in the textbook.

XV. some +

{

body

thing

where

times

the sa

тот же самый

1. Give me some sugar, please. 2. Put some sugar in your tea, there is no

sugar in it. 3. I had no time to go and buy some bread. 4. Will you have some

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more tea? You have had only one cup. 5. I think he has something against me.

6. Some

body was crying (плакать) in the room. 7. Sometimes he asks me the

same question. 8. He is some

where here.

XVI.

any

I. so

II. no

III. ev

ery

}

+ whe re .

1. Will you go anywhere on Sunday? 2. I shall go nowhere. 3. You can

buy this book everywhere

. 4. He lives somewhere in Europe.

XVII.

any

I. so

II. no

III. ev

ery

}

+ thing.

1. I can tell you nothing

about it. 2. Can you tell me anything about it? 3.

I can tell you something

about it. 4. I can tell you everything about it.

XVIII.

any

I. so

II. no

III. ev

ery

}

+ body.

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1. Some body must go there. 2. Nobody knows the address. 3. Everybody

wants to know a foreign language. 4. Does anybody

know how to get to the

nearest metro station?

XIX.

Only -

только

the only -

единственный

1. In the early nineteenth century Oxford and Cambridge were the only

two universities in England. 2. The cost of education at these universities was so

high that only the sons of the rich could study there. 3. The Welsh language is a

Celtic language and is very different from English. In general this is the only

national feature left in Wales. 4. The City occupies only a small part of London.

5. When he came into the hall he saw only her and her beautiful blue eyes. 6.

There are so many charming women, there are so many charming names, and

only one of them is touching you when you are in love.

XX.

Both -

оба

both ... and -

и тот ... и другой

как...так

1. They have houses both in the country and in the city. 2. Academic life

in both Universities is hard and interesting. 3. “Gulliver’s Travels” by Sw ift is

still read w ith great interest both by children and grownups. 4. Both the pupils

and teachers leave the school building when the day’s classes are finished. 5.

Both of them graduated from the University in 1995. 6. Both the son and the

father were fond of playing football. 7. Both Cambridge and Oxford Universi-

ties are the oldest ones in Great Britain. 8. I didn’t like both films. They w ere

both very long and boring (скучными). 9. Both these festivals are very good.

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XXI. Многозначность слова “it”.

1. It is very important to solve many problems of building spaceships. 2.

Since the problem of aeronautics was very important, the scientists paid much

attention to it. 3. The knowledge of electricity makes it possible to convert me-

chanical energy into electrical energy. 4. It is a method which scientists will al-

ways follow. 5. It was the great Russian scientist M.V.Lomonosov who first

studied “the Northern lights”. 6. The Periodic Law established by Mendeleev is

so important that every chemist must study it. 7. Nowadays it is possible to

compute the path of the rocket to any planet. 8. The TU-104 is a high-speed pas-

senger jet airliner. It serves long distance lines. 9. It is always necessary for

every engineer and scientist to know English. 10. It is Merc ury that is the s mall-

est of the planets, for its diameter is 3000 miles. 11. In order to travel into space

we must have a special flying vehicle (транспортное средство): it is the rocket.

12. It is cold today, put on your coat. 13. It is obvious that the most difficult

problem w ill be the design of this device (устройство). 14. These new machines

make it possible to lighten man’s labour. 15. It was Isaac Neuton who first

pointed out that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. 16. As the bal-

loon depended on the wind, the man could not control it when it w as in flight.

17. It is dark in the street, cross it carefully. 18. Give me a cup of tea and put

some sugar into it, please. 19. It was a golden time of his life. 20. It is said that

the delegation arrived in Moscow yesterday. 21. It is supposed that he lives in

New-York. 22. It is believed that the train w ill arrive at the station in five min-

utes. 23. It is known that the Earth is rotating. 24. It is time to go to bed.

XXII. Многозначность “should” и “would” (вспомогательный глагол

при согласовании времен, вспомогательный глагол при сослагательном на-

клонении, модальный глагол).

1. John said that he would tell me something worth my attention. 2. It

would be hard to believe that the facts in this story really took place in real life.

3. It would be interesting to know if the story is based on real facts. 4. My friend

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told me that he would introduce me to a well- known painter. 5. He said that I

should not miss this chance. 6. The parents proposed that the plans for the

summer vacation should be discussed later. 7. I was not sure if my plans for

winter would succeed or fail. 8. If I had asked where he had got this book, I

should not have got a correct answer. 9. John said that he would win the first

place in swimming. 10. I should like to tell you some words about my profes-

sion. 11. Would you like a cup of tea or coffee? 12. If you go to America you

should see the Statue of Liberty. 13. If you came to Moscow you would be sur-

prised by its beautiful metro stations. 14. They said that they would go to the

theatre the next day. 15. If you want to read and understand English books in the

original you should read and listen much more. 16. I suppose that we should go

shopping. 17. My mother said that she would go shopping. 18. Would you mind

opening the window? 19. I would like you to tell me the truth.

XXIII . Причастие I (Participle I).

1. Which of the four men smoking by the window is Tom? 2. From time

to time you will get letters informing you of my life. 3. Having got what she

wanted, she took her coat and went away. 4. And saying so he left the room. 5.

Go to the corner and ask the militiaman standing there to tell you the way to the

gallery. 6. Having arrived in a big city, he started to look for a job. 7. Not

speaking the language he couldn’t ask the way to the museum. 8. The man

standing at the time-table is our teacher.

XXIV. Причастие II (Participle II).

1. People dressed in winter coats hurry along the street. 2. The suits made

by this firm are of high quality. 3. We are discussing the article written by our

professor. 4. There were some brok e n chairs in the room. 5. The task discussed

at the conference is very interesting. 6. The doctor sent for lives not far from

our house. 7. The meeting attended by the students was stormy and ended late

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at night. 8. Asked to help me, he rang me up at once. 9. Given the dictionary

only yesterday, he couldn’t translate the text in time.

XXV. Причастие I, II (Participle I, II).

1. Reading the book I wrote out some useful expressions. 2. Having read

the book, he put it aside. 3. Being very busy he could not come. 4. Having fin-

ished my work I could go to the country. 5. Having entered the room, he

opened the window as it was very hot in the room. 6. I am interested in the prob-

lem being discussed now. 7. The letter sent yes terday w ill be rec eived only to-

morrow. 8. The man writing something at the table in the corner of the room is

an old friend of mine. 9. A smiling girl came up to me and asked if I recognised

her 10. The children playing in the garden forgot about their promise to return

home in time. 11. They watched the boys playing football. 12. We saw him

walking along the street. 13. He heard her crying something to the boy. 14.

Opening the door, I saw some people reading newspaper. 15. Having received

a negative answer, he decided to get the book from some other library. 16. Be-

ing invited to take part in the conference he began to prepare for it carefully. 17.

Seeing a car at the front door, I understood that she had returned. 18. Working

together for many years they understood each other very quickly. 19. They took

the train leaving at 5.30.

XXVI. Самостоятельный причастный оборот (Absolute Participle

Construction). Обратите внимание на место оборота в предложении.

1. My mother being ill, I went shopping. 2. The work being over, every-

body went home. 3. Everybody went home, the work being over. 4. Weather

permitting (позволять), we shall be able to fly to London. 5. Jim helping me

with English, I helped him with Russian. 6. He was given two articles on the

subject, the latter (последняя) being more interesting. 7. The letter having

been written, we went to the post-office. 8. His mother being ill, he started to

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look for a job. 9. He didn’t go out because of the rain, everybody wis hing to

speak to him. 10. He lifted the cup and kept it in his hand till she drank, both

standing. 11. The wind being strong, our yac ht w ill reach the island in no time.

12. I was sitting at my desk, pen in hand, studying the figures, my chief be ing

silent (молчать), his face being passive . 13 It be ing very dark , we switched on

the light. 14. She said she would gladly join our company, her husband standing

silently at the window.

XXVII. Герундий (Gerund).

1. Travelling abroad is rather expensive. 2. She stopped answering my

letters. 3. I understand perfectly your wis hing to leave. 4. We insist on sending

him to the hospital. 5. Excuse me for giving you so much trouble. 6. I don’t re-

member having asked this question. 7. After being examined by the doctor, the

young man joined the sports club. 8. He can translate from Russian into English

without using a dictionary. 9. You must go on reading. 10. On hearing the

telephone call they stopped talking. 11. Between saying and doing is a long dis-

tance. 12. Translating this article took me a week. 13. Translating the article

was difficult for him. 14. Nobody likes being interrupted. 15. She went out of

the room without saying “good-bye”. 16. After having waited for 10 minutes,

she left the station. 17. We succeeded in getting good results. 18. We thanked

the professor for having delivered such an interesting lecture. 19. On finishing

the lecture, the professor asked if there were any questions. 20. Stop talking and

let us continue work ing. 21. I am surprised at your making so many mistakes.

22. He is proud of be ing a student of the University. 23. He felt satisfaction

(удовлетворение) in helping his friends. 24. I want you to give up smoking.

25. We hope to get good results by sending the boy to the summer camp. 26.

His life experience helped him in writing his short stories.